| 李杰,田启航,王雨,刘国俭,王召元,田振东,常瑞丰,李永红.不同桃种质资源1年生幼树抗寒性评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(4):22~31 |
| 不同桃种质资源1年生幼树抗寒性评价 |
| Evaluation of cold resistance in one\|year\|old peach germplasm seedlings |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.04.03 |
| 中文关键词: 桃 种质资源 早期抗寒性评价 半致死温度 生理指标 |
| 英文关键词:peach germplasm resources early assessment of cold tolerance LT50 physiological index |
| 基金项目:财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目（CARS-30-Z-02）；河北省农林科学院科技创新专项课题（2022KJCXZX-CGS-6）；河北省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(HBCT2023130205)；河北省热杂果现代种业科技创新团队项目（21326310D）；河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费青年基金（2023020102） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以21个不同抗寒性的1年生桃种质资源幼树为试验材料，进行人工降温处理，通过计算半致死温度（LT50）、统计田间植株成活率、测定低温下生理指标和比较分析植株成活率与抗寒性相关指标的关系，对不同品种间抗寒性的差异进行比较分析，并结合LT50和隶属函数综合评价法对参试材料的抗寒性强弱进一步进行明确划分。结果表明，低温处理下，幼树枝条的苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性（PAL）升高，丙二醛（MDA）、游离脯氨酸（Pro）和可溶性糖（SS）含量相对较高，且LT50较低，介于-26.65～-17.69℃之间。参试材料在春季田间栽植后，其植株成活率随着处理温度的降低逐渐下降，当温度为-20℃时，以‘中华寿桃’等品种成活率下降尤为显著，均低于50%；当温度降低到-25℃时，‘寒公主’、‘东合1号’和‘珲春’这3个品种成活率介于80%~90%之间，其余品种均低于80%；当温度达到-30℃时，各品种植株成活率均为0。采用系统聚类法，可将21个桃种质资源幼树的抗寒能力依次划分为极强、强、较强、较弱、弱5类：第1类（极强）仅包含‘寒公主’1个品种；第2~5类依次包含3、4、9个和4个品种。相关性分析表明，植株成活率与综合评价值（D）、PAL活性、Pro及SS含量呈极显著正相关关系，与半致死温度、MDA含量呈极显著负相关关系。21个桃种质资源1年生幼树的抗寒能力存在显著差异。低温处理后，PAL活性、MDA含量、Pro含量和SS含量与抗寒性密切相关，可作为桃种质资源1年生幼树抗寒性鉴定的主要指标。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| One\|year\|old seedlings of 21 peach germplasms, subjected to cold hardiness treatment at low temperatures, were used as experimental materials. To compare and analyze their cold tolerance, we calculated the lethal temperature (LT50) and recorded the field survival rates. Meanwhile, physiological indicators were measured, and the relationship between survival rate and cold resistance was analyzed. Then, we used LT50 and subordinate function, respectively, to clarify the cold tolerance classification of twenty\|one peach. Under cold stress, branches kept relatively high enzyme activity of phenylalanine ammonia\|lyase (PAL). Moreover, the high content of malondialdehyde (MDA), free proline (Pro) and soluble sugar (SS) was detected, and LT50 was relatively lower (range from -26.65℃ to -17.69℃). In the field experiment, the survival rate of the plants also decreased gradually with the decrease in temperature. When the temperature was below -20℃, varieties such as‘Zhonghuashoutao’declined particularly significantly, with the survival rate all below 50%. When the temperature dropped to -25℃, the survival rates of the varieties ‘Hangongzhu’, ‘Donghe 1’, and ‘Hunchun’ ranged between 80% and 90%, while those of the other varieties were all below 80%. When the temperature dropped to -30℃, the survival rate of all varieties fell to 0. By using the hierarchical cluster method, the cold resistance ability of 21 peach germplasm resources of young trees can be classified into five categories in sequence from extremely strong to weak: the first category was ‘Hangongzhu’, the categories of 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively contain 3, 4, 9, and 4 varieties. Correlation analysis showed that the survival rate was significantly positively with comprehensive evaluation value (D), PAL activity, contents of Pro, and SS, and significantly negatively correlated with the LT50 and MDA content. Significant differences in cold resistance were observed among young peach trees. Following low\|temperature treatment, the PAL activity and the contents of MDA, Pro, and SS showed strong correlations with cold resistance, indicating they can serve as key indicators for assessing cold tolerance in young peach germplasm. |
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