| 丁照耘,宿翠翠,张靖,周彦芳,刘强,邓超超,王振龙.外源有机物料对新建农田土壤团聚体、酶活性及微生物群落的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(4):100~110 |
| 外源有机物料对新建农田土壤团聚体、酶活性及微生物群落的影响 |
| Effects of exogenous organic materials on soil aggregates, enzyme activities, and microbial communities in newly built agricultural fields |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.04.11 |
| 中文关键词: 新建高标准农田 天然腐殖质材料 土壤质量 土壤团聚体 土壤酶活性 微生物群落 |
| 英文关键词:newly built high\|standard farmland natural humus material soil quality soil aggregates soil enzyme activity microbial communities |
| 基金项目:甘肃省白银市景泰县盐碱地综合利用试点项目（第二标段）核心试验示范工程项目（JTYJDSDXM-SG-02）;甘肃省重点人才项目（甘组通字〔2023〕20号）；甘肃省自然基金项目（23JRRH0003）；甘肃省陇原人才项目（甘组通字〔2024〕4号） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探索新建高标准农田土壤快速培肥的新途径，通过2 a定位试验，以相邻高产田、不添加任何有机物料、常规施肥为对照（CK），分析天然腐殖质材料4 500 kg·hm-2+生物有机肥1 500 kg·hm-2+生物激发剂+常规施肥（T1）、天然腐殖质材料9 000 kg·hm-2+生物有机肥3 000 kg·hm-2+生物激发剂+常规施肥（T2）、天然腐殖质材料13 500 kg·hm-2+生物有机肥4 500 kg·hm-2+生物激发剂+常规施肥（T3）共3个不同用量有机物料处理对新建黄绵土农田团聚体、酶活性及微生物群落的影响。结果表明，适量外源有机物料有助于新建农田土壤大团聚体的形成及团聚体稳定性增加。相较于CK，T2、T3处理显著提高了团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）、＞0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量（R0.25），＞2 mm粒级土壤团聚体比重增加2.26%~34.64%，土壤纤维素酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化物酶活性分别提升17.39%~18.44%、19.42~86.97%和75.37%~81.02%，其中T3处理显著降低分形锥数D值和多酚氧化酶活性。高通量测序结果显示，T2处理真菌群落Ace指数显著提高，子囊菌门相对丰度较CK增加至69.52%。相关性分析发现，真菌群落结构和多样性主要受土壤蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性的影响，细菌群落结构和多样性主要受＞2 mm粒级土壤团聚体和过氧化物酶活性影响，真菌和细菌微生物标志物数量为T2处理最大。因此，从土壤质量提升和成本节约角度看，天然腐殖质材料9 000 kg·hm-2+生物有机肥3 000 kg·hm-2+生物激发剂+常规施肥短期内能够显著改善新建黄绵土农田土壤团粒结构，提升土壤酶活性，对微生物多样性提升和群落集聚具有积极促进作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore new ways to rapidly enrich the soil of newly built high\|standard farmland, we investigated the effects of different amounts of organic materials on the stability of aggregates, enzyme activities, and microbial communities in newly constructed farmland with loess soil through a two\|year localization experiment. The experimental design involved four distinct treatments: an adjacent high\|yield field without organic materials, conventional fertilization as a control (CK), and three treatments that incorporated natural humus material (4 500 kg·hm-2) + bio-organic fertilizer (1 500 kg·hm-2) + bio-stimulant + conventional fertilization (T1), natural humus material (9 000 kg·hm-2) + bio-organic fertilizer (3 000 kg·hm-2) + bio-stimulant + conventional fertilization (T2), and natural humus material (13 500 kg·hm-2) + bio\|organic fertilizer (4 500 kg·hm-2) + bio-stimulant + conventional fertilization (T3). The results showed that moderate exogenous organic materials contributed to the formation of large aggregates and the increment of aggregate stability in new agricultural soils. Compared with CK, T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the average weight diameter of agglomerates, geometric mean diameter, content of >0.25 mm agglomerates R0.25, and the proportion of >2 mm agglomerates increased by 2.26% to 34.64%, and the activities of soil cellulase, sucrase, and peroxidase were elevated by 17.39% to 18.44%, 19.42% to 86.97%, and 75.37% to 81.02%, respectively. Meanwhile, T3 significantly decreased fractal dimension and polyphenol oxidase activity. The high\|throughput sequencing analysis showed that the Ace index of fungal community was significantly increased in T2, and the relative abundance of Ascomycota increased to 69.52% compared with CK. Correlation analysis revealed that fungal community structure and diversity were mainly influenced by soil sucrase and polyphenol oxidase activities, bacterial community structure and diversity were mainly influenced by >2 mm soil aggregates and peroxidase activity, and the number of microbial markers for both fungi and bacteria was greatest in T2. Therefore, from the perspectives of soil quality improvement and cost savings, natural humus material (9 000 kg·hm-2) + bio\|organic fertilizer (3 000 kg·hm-2) + bio\|stimulant + conventional fertilizer application can significantly improve the soil aggregate structure and soil enzymes activity of newly\|built farmland on loess soils and positively contribute to the enhancement of microbial diversity and community clustering in the short term. |
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