| 周天游,刘钦慧,胡丹丹,王志豪,崔志文,杨双双,王小林,张雄.黄土塬区碳氮配施对谷子根系形态构建及产量形成的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(4):120~131 |
| 黄土塬区碳氮配施对谷子根系形态构建及产量形成的影响 |
| Effects of carbon and nitrogen combined application on root morphological construction and yield formation of foxtail millet in Loess Plateau region |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.04.13 |
| 中文关键词: 谷子 碳氮配施 根系形态 生物量 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:foxtail millet carbon and nitrogen combined application root morphology biomass yield water use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41967013，32260078）；榆林市科技局产学研合作项目(CXY-2022-70，2023-CXY-172，2023-CXY-166)；中央引导地方科技发展基金陕西省工程技术研究中心项目（2022ZY2-GCZX-05）；陕西省农业农村厅科技创新驱动项目（2022NYT01）；榆林市府谷县农业科技成果转化项目（H2023060049, H2023060048） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以‘晋谷21号’为试验材料，设置4个生物炭施用梯度C1 0.10 t·hm-2、C2 0.15 t·hm-2、C3 0.20 t·hm-2、C4 0.25 t·hm-2，3个氮肥施用梯度N1 0.06 t·hm-2、N2 0.09 t·hm-2、N3 0.12 t·hm-2，共计12个碳氮交互处理（C1N1、C1N2、C1N3、C2N1、C2N2、C2N3、C3N1、C3N2、C3N3、C4N1、C4N2、C4N3），采用随机区组设计，分析碳氮配施对谷子根系生长发育、生物量积累分配和产量形成的影响，探明碳氮梯度配施的增产增效生物学潜力。结果表明：（1）随施氮比例增加，土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量呈下降趋势，与C1N1相比，C3N1、C3N2和C3N3处理两指标分别显著降低43.47%~81.98%和21.10%~75.72%。（2）随着施氮量的增加，C3梯度下谷子根系形态各指标呈逐渐增加趋势。与C1N1相比，C3N1、C3N2和C3N3处理拔节期谷子的根系长度（RL）、根系表面积（RSA）、根长密度（RLD）分别显著增加7.16%~123.75%、10.47%~226.59%、15.36%~60.36%；抽穗期RLD和根系表面积密度（RSD）增幅分别为15.36%~44.04%和14.80%~17.47%。（3）生物炭配施氮肥可有效增加谷子地上部总生物量积累，与C1N1相比，C2N3和C3N3处理地上部总生物量增加9.51%~56.25%，产量和水分利用效率（WUE）分别显著增加52.39%、53.74%和31.82%、64.72%。综上，在黄土塬区谷子生产中，C3N3（生物炭0.20 t·hm-2+氮肥0.12 t·hm-2）模式对谷子根冠生长发育具有显著调控作用，可作为该地区合理的生物炭配施氮肥模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Using ‘Jingu 21’ as the experimental material, four biochar application gradients (C1 0.10 t·hm-2, C2 0.15 t·hm-2, C3 0.20 t·hm-2, and C4 0.25 t·hm-2) and three nitrogen fertilizer application gradients (N1 0.06 t·hm-2, N2 0.09 t·hm-2, and N3 0.12 t·hm-2) were set up, resulting in a total of 12 carbon\|nitrogen interaction treatments (C1N1, C1N2, C1N3, C2N1, C2N2, C2N3, C3N1, C3N2, C3N3, C4N1, C4N2, and C4N3). A randomized block design was adopted to analyze the effects of combined soil carbon and nitrogen application on the growth and development of millet roots, biomass accumulation and distribution, and yield formation, aiming to explore the biological potential of increasing yield and efficiency through the gradient application of carbon and nitrogen. The results showed that： (1) With the increase in nitrogen application ratio, compared to C1N1, the soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents in C3N1, C3N2, and C3N3 treatments significantly decreased by 43.47%~81.98% and 21.10%~75.72%, respectively. (2) Under the C3 gradient, the root morphological indicators of nitrogen fertilizer application showed an increasing trend with the increase in nitrogen application rate. Compared to C1N1, the root length (RL), root surface area (RSA), and root length density (RLD) of millet at the jointing stage in C3N1, C3N2, and C3N3 treatments significantly increased by 7.16%~123.75%, 10.47%~226.59%, and 15.36%~60.36%, respectively. At the heading stage, RLD and root surface area density (RSD) increased by 15.36%~44.04% and 14.80%~17.47%, respectively. (3) The combination of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer could effectively increase the total aboveground biomass accumulation of millet. Compared with C1N1, the total aboveground biomass of C2N3 and C3N3 treatments increased by 9.51% to 56.25%. The yield and water use efficiency (WUE) significantly increased by 52.39%, 53.74%, and 31.82%, 64.72%, respectively. In summary, in the production of millet in the Loess Plateau region, the C3N3 (biochar 0.20 t·hm-2+nitrogen fertilizer 0.12 t·hm-2) model has a significant regulatory effect on the growth and development of the root cap of millet and can be used as a reasonable model for the combination of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer in the Loess Plateau region. |
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