| 朱士江,朱子荣,张友贤,冯雅婷,钟韵,郝琨,廖龙炎.灌水量对设施柑橘园土壤温湿度及酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(4):160~172 |
| 灌水量对设施柑橘园土壤温湿度及酶活性的影响 |
| Effects of irrigation amount on soil temperature, humidity, and enzyme activity in protected citrus orchards |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.04.17 |
| 中文关键词: 柑橘 灌水量 土壤湿度 土壤温度 土壤酶 产量 |
| 英文关键词:citrus irrigation amount soil moisture soil temperature soil enzymes yield |
| 基金项目:贵州省水利科技经费项目（KT202107）；湖北省自然科学基金（2025AFB103）；湖北省自然科学基金（2024AFB320）；国家自然科学基金（52069016） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究灌水量对柑橘根际土壤温湿度和土壤酶活性的影响，选取‘爱媛28’为试验对象，以常规灌溉为对照CK（T1），于果实膨大期（III期）和转色增糖期（IV期）分别设置每棵4 L·d-1和2.5 L·d-1的灌水定额；分别在III期（T2~T5）和IV期（T6~T9）设置4个调亏水平（70%CK、55%CK、40%CK、30%CK），共计9个处理，研究设施柑橘园土壤温湿度和土壤酶活性随灌水量的变化规律及其相互关系。结果表明：Ⅲ、Ⅳ期各土层土壤积温均随灌水量的减少呈升高趋势，Ⅲ期T4处理和Ⅳ期T7处理的土壤积温与T1处理相比增长最多，增长率分别为12.15%和34.44%；随着土层深度的增加，Ⅲ期土壤积温呈减少趋势，Ⅳ期表现则相反。随着灌水量的减少，Ⅲ、Ⅳ期土壤累计湿度总体呈减少趋势，其中Ⅲ期T5处理和Ⅳ期T9处理的土壤累计湿度与T1处理相比降低最多，降幅分别为49.08%和26.86%。适当减少灌水量还可提升土壤酶活性，其中脲酶(UE)和蔗糖酶(SC)活性提升显著，Ⅲ期T4处理、Ⅳ期T6处理的UE和SC活性均保持在最高水平，分别较T1处理显著提高19.49%、23.20%和42.38%、8.10%。相关性分析结果表明，土壤温度与土壤UE、ACP、SC活性均呈正相关关系，其中SC活性受土壤湿度影响最大；对各处理的柑橘产量、WUE和经济效益指标进行主成分分析发现，T3处理的综合效益最优，其次为T6处理，这两种模式可作为贵州设施柑橘园土壤质量和柑橘效益提升的推荐灌溉方案。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effects of irrigation amount on rhizosphere soil temperature, moisture, and soil enzyme activities in citrus, ‘Ehime 28’ was selected as the test object, with conventional irrigation as the control (CK, T1). During the fruit expansion period (Phase III) and color\|changing and sugar\|increasing period (Phase IV), irrigation quotas of 4 L·d-1·plant-1 and 2.5 L·d-1·plant-1 were set, respectively. Four water deficit levels (70%CK, 55%CK, 40%CK, and 30%CK) were established for Phase III (T2~T5) and Phase IV (T6~T9), totaling nine treatments. The study analyzed the variation patterns and interrelationships of soil temperature, moisture, and enzyme activities with irrigation amount in protected citrus orchards. The results showed that in both Phase III and IV, soil accumulated temperature in each soil layer increased with decreasing irrigation amount. The soil accumulated temperature of T4 (Phase III) and T7 (Phase IV) treatments increased the most compared to T1, with growth rates of 12.15% and 34.44%, respectively. With increasing soil depth, soil accumulated temperature decreased in Phase III but showed the opposite trend in Phase IV. Soil accumulated moisture generally decreased with reduced irrigation in both Ⅲ and Ⅳ phases. The largest decreases compared to T1 occurred in T5 (Phase III) and T9 (Phase IV), with reduction rates of 49.08% and 26.86%, respectively. Moderate reduction in irrigation amount significantly enhanced soil enzyme activities, particularly urease (UE) and sucrase (SC). UE and SC activities in T4 (Phase III) and T6 (Phase IV) remained the highest, compared to T1, UE activity was significantly increasing by 19.49% and 23.20%, respectively, SC activity was significatly increasing by 42.38% and 8.10%, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated positive correlations between soil temperature and UE, acid phosphatase (ACP), and SC activities, with SC activity being most influenced by soil moisture. Principal component analysis of citrus yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and economic benefit indicators showed that T3 had the best comprehensive benefits, followed by T6. These two modes are recommended as irrigation schemes to improve soil quality and citrus benefits in protected orchards in Guizhou. |
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