雷雨俊,袁剑龙,唐振三,程李香,史振东,卓峰琦,余斌,张峰.解毒剂缓解马铃薯2,4-D药害的作用研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(4):242~250
解毒剂缓解马铃薯2,4-D药害的作用研究
Study on the effects of antidote to alleviate 2,4-D phytotoxicity of potato
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.04.25
中文关键词:  马铃薯  2,4-D药害  解毒剂  生理结构  组织结构
英文关键词:Solanum tuberosum L.  2,4-D phytotoxicity  antidote  physiological structure  organization structure
基金项目:甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划(2023CYZC-44)；甘肃省科技重大专项(21ZD11NA009)；甘肃省高校科研创新平台项目(2024CXPT-01)
作者单位
雷雨俊 甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730070 
袁剑龙 甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730070 
唐振三 甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730070 
程李香 甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730070 
史振东 甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730070 
卓峰琦 甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院，甘肃 兰州 730070 
余斌 甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730070 
张峰 甘肃农业大学农学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730070 
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中文摘要:
      以马铃薯品种‘甘农薯7号’为供试材料，叶面喷施2 000 mg·L-1除草剂2,4-D进行药害处理，1 d后喷施不同浓度解毒剂碧护（300、800、1 200 mg·L-1）、芸苔素（250、450、650 μL·L-1）、解毒剂X（500、2 000、4 000 mg·L-1），分别采集处理后1、4、7 d的马铃薯叶片，测定叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、生长素(IAA)和脱落酸(ABA)含量；处理7、14、21 d后分别测量马铃薯株高、茎粗、根长和叶面积；处理21 d后对植株根、茎、叶切片染色，观察不同组织细胞形态结构；成熟期统计马铃薯块茎产量。结果表明，低浓度解毒剂碧护（300 mg·L-1）、芸苔素（250 μL·L-1）及解毒剂X（500 mg·L-1）对除草剂药害缓解效果不显著(P>0.05)。高浓度解毒剂碧护（800 mg·L-1和1 200 mg·L-1）和解毒剂X（2 000 mg·L-1和4 000 mg·L-1）对缓解除草剂药害效果显著(P<0.05)，其中800 mg·L-1碧护解毒剂解毒效果最为突出，该处理下植株株高、根长、叶面积和单株产量分别显著增加67.84%、43.04%、66.76%和164.03%，叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量分别增加6.67%和20.1%，内源激素生长素和脱落酸含量分别降低54.01%和50.13%。解毒剂处理的植株茎组织远轴端厚角组织区域的细胞层数减少，叶片栅栏组织细胞密度增大。因此，喷施不同浓度的碧护、芸苔素和解毒剂X可显著减轻2,4-D对马铃薯植株的药害，恢复植株生长。800 mg·L-1的碧护解毒效果最佳。
英文摘要:
      The plants of potato variety ‘Gannongshu No.7’ were treated with 2 000 mg·L-1 2,4-D via foliar spraying, followed by the application of different concentrations of antidote, including ComCat (300 mg·L-1, 800 mg·L-1, and 1 200 mg·L-1), Brassinolide (250 μL·L-1, 450 μL·L-1, and 650 μL·L-1), and Antidote X (500 mg·L-1, 2 000 mg·L-1, and 4 000 mg·L-1) after 1 day. The leaves were collected at 1, 4, and 7 days to determine the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid, auxin (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA). The plant height, stem diameter, root length, and leaf area were measured at 7, 14, and 21 days. After 21 days, the root, stem, and leaf tissue sections were stained to observe the changes in cellular morphology. At maturity, the potato tuber yield was also recorded. The results showed that low concentrations of ComCat (300 mg·L-1), Brassinolide (250 μL·L-1), and Antidote X (500 mg·L-1) showed no significant effects on alleviating the phytotoxicity of 2,4-D. Higher concentrations of ComCat (800 mg·L-1, 1 200 mg·L-1) and Antidote X (2 000 mg·L-1, 4 000 mg·L-1) significantly alleviated the phytotoxicity of 2,4-D (P<0.05). Among these, 800 mg·L-1 ComCat showed the most significant detoxification effect. In the treatment of 800 mg·L-1 ComCat, the plant height, root length, leaf area, and individual plant yield were significantly increased by 67.84%, 43.04%, 66.76%, and 164.03%, respectively. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were significantly increased by 6.67% and 20.1%, while the levels of endogenous IAA and ABA were significantly decreased by 54.01% and 50.13%, respectively. In the antidote\|treated plants, the cell layer numbers of collenchyma in the far axial region of stem were decreased, and the cell density in the palisade tissue of leaves was increased. The application of different concentrations of ComCat, Brassinolide, and Antidote X could significantly alleviate the phytotoxicity caused by 2,4-D. The 800 mg·L-1 ComCat has the best detoxification effect.
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