| 安启源,程洪森,孙会杰,那艳斌,高德学.芝麻对干旱胁迫的生理及分子响应研究进展[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(4):284~294 |
| 芝麻对干旱胁迫的生理及分子响应研究进展 |
| Research progress on physiological and molecular responses of Sesamum indicum L. to drought stress |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.04.29 |
| 中文关键词: 芝麻 干旱胁迫 生理生化响应 分子机制 遗传改良 抗旱育种 |
| 英文关键词:Sesame indicum L. drought stress physiological and biochemical response molecular mechanism genetic improvement drought\|resistant breeding |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业体系（CARS-14-2-11） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 芝麻作为浅根系作物，对干旱、渍涝等非生物逆境较为敏感。近年来，干旱灾害频发严重影响了芝麻的生长、开花、蒴果和种子发育，导致产量严重下降，成为影响芝麻生产力的主要因素。本文首先综述了干旱胁迫对芝麻的种子萌发、幼苗生长、产量及籽粒品质的影响，并深入探讨了芝麻在干旱胁迫下的生理生化响应机制，包括根系生长调节、渗透调节系统、抗氧化系统、光合系统的变化和重要抗性基因的表达。其次，概述了芝麻干旱耐受性的国内外研究进展，包括不同芝麻品种对干旱胁迫的响应差异、分子响应机制和外源物质对提高芝麻耐旱性的作用，以及基于高通量测序、转录组学、代谢组学等多组学技术对芝麻抗旱性遗传基础的解析。最后，对未来的发展方向进行展望，通过基因编辑和精准育种技术，有望加速耐旱芝麻新品种的选育和推广，提高芝麻在干旱地区的生产力和稳定性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), a crop with a shallow root system, exhibits high sensitivity to abiotic stresses such as drought and waterlogging. The frequent occurrence of drought disasters has severely impacted the growth, flowering, capsule development, and seed formation of sesame, leading to significant yield reductions. Drought has emerged as a primary factor affecting sesame productivity. This paper first reviewed the effects of drought stress on sesame seed germination, seedling growth, yield, and seed quality and delved into the physiological and biochemical response mechanisms of sesame under drought stress, including changes in root growth regulation, osmotic adjustment system, antioxidant system, photosynthetic system, and the expression of important resistance genes. Secondly, it summarized the research progress on drought tolerance of sesame at home and abroad, including the response differences of different sesame varieties to drought stress, molecular response mechanisms, and the role of exogenous substances in improving the drought tolerance of sesame, as well as the analysis of the genetic basis of sesame drought resistance based on high\|throughput sequencing, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and other multi\|omics technologies. Finally, it looked forward to the future development direction. Through gene editing and precision breeding technologies, it is expected to accelerate the selection and promotion of new drought\|tolerant sesame varieties and improve the productivity and stability of sesame in drought\|prone areas. |
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