| 周先林,薛军,黄兆福,王克如,李少昆,朱海勇.北疆春玉米籽粒脱水动态及其对产量与机械粒收质量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(5):87~96 |
| 北疆春玉米籽粒脱水动态及其对产量与机械粒收质量的影响 |
| Dynamics of grain desiccation in spring maize and its impacts on yield and mechanical grain harvest quality in Northern Xinjiang |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.05.09 |
| 中文关键词: 春玉米 籽粒脱水 机械粒收 品种筛选 产量 |
| 英文关键词:spring maize grain dehydration mechanical harvesting variety screening yield |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目（2023B02040）；中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目（2025） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以北疆地区34个不同熟期的玉米品种为试验材料，通过系统测定籽粒脱水动态特征、产量及机械粒收质量指标，深入分析了籽粒含水率与积温、产量及粒收质量的关系。结果表明，品种间生理成熟期的籽粒含水率存在显著差异，平均值为27.33%，变幅24.48~30.25%，其中‘郑单958’的籽粒含水率最高（30.25%），‘KX2030’的籽粒含水率最低（24.48%）；构建的籽粒含水率与积温回归模型（y=90/(1+x/992.201)1.895，R2=0.961）可准确预测含水率动态变化。供试品种平均产量为12 300.59 kg·hm-2，其中‘先玉1330’表现出较好的脱水特性（总脱水速率0.040 %·℃-1·d-1）和最高产量（16 681.77 kg·hm-2）。籽粒含水率显著影响机械粒收质量，当含水率为18.31%时破碎率最低（4.32%），含水率在13.86%~22.76%范围内可满足破碎率≤5%的国标要求，当含水率低于38.37%和37.25%时分别可保证杂质率和产量损失率达标。通过双向平均法筛选出‘先玉1330’、‘先单13’、‘九圣禾2468’和‘富尔116’共4个兼具低籽粒含水率（<27.5%）、高脱水速率（＞0.038 %·℃-1·d-1）和高产（>13 500 kg·hm-2）特性的适机收品种。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Using 34 maize varieties of different maturity periods in Northern Xinjiang as experimental materials, this study systematically measured grain desiccation dynamics, yield, and mechanical harvest quality indicators to analyze the relationships among grain moisture content, accumulated temperature, yield, and harvest quality. The results showed significant varietal differences in grain moisture content at physiological maturity, averaging 27.33%, ranging from 24.48% to 30.25%, with ‘Zhengdan 958’ having the highest moisture content (30.25%) and ‘KX2030’ the lowest (24.48%). The developed grain moisture\|accumulated temperature regression model (y=90/(1 + x/992.201)1.895, R2=0.961) accurately predicted moisture dynamics. The average yield across varieties was 12 300.59 kg·hm-2, with ‘Xianyu 1330’ exhibiting superior desiccation characteristics (total desiccation rate was 0.040%·℃-1·d-1) and the highest yield (16 681.77 kg·hm-2). Grain moisture content significantly affected harvest quality. Minimum broken rate (4.32%) occurred at moisture content of 18.31%, with the 13.86%~22.76% range meeting national standards (broken rate ≤5%). Impurity and yield loss rates met standards when grain moisture content was below 38.37% and 37.25%, respectively. Four high\|performing varieties (‘Xianyu 1330’, ‘Xiandan 13’, “Jiushenghe 2468” and ‘Fuer 116’) with low grain moisture content (<27.5%), high desiccation rate （＞0.038 %·℃-1·d-1）, and high yield (>13 500 kg·hm-2) were identified using bi\|directional averaging. |
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