| 王事,吴凤全,吴浩玉,刘柯鑫,刘晓伟,林涛,高岗,印彩霞,陈柏青,段淯水,张昊,汤秋香.碳氮配施比例对残膜污染棉田棉花光合产物积累及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(5):120~128 |
| 碳氮配施比例对残膜污染棉田棉花光合产物积累及产量的影响 |
| Effects of carbon and nitrogen application ratio on the accumulation of photosynthetic products and yield of cotton in residual film\|contaminated cotton fields |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.05.12 |
| 中文关键词: 棉花 残膜污染棉田 碳氮配施比例 干物质积累 产量 |
| 英文关键词:cotton residual film contamination of cotton fields carbon\|nitrogen application ratio dry matter accumulation yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32260542）；新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项（2022B02033-1）；国家现代农业产业技术体系-棉花产业技术体系（CARS-15-13）；新疆现代农业产业技术体系-棉花产业技术体系（XIARS-03）；新疆“天山英才”培养计划青年拔尖人才项目（2023TSYCCX0019）；新疆农业大学大学生创新项目（dxscx2023004） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探究碳氮配施比例对残膜污染棉田棉花光合产物积累及产量的影响，于2023—2024年在新疆典型残膜污染地区进行了2 年的大田试验，以‘中棉113’为材料，采用牛厩腐熟肥（C∶N=12∶1）和无机肥（尿素），在等氮量（375 kg·hm-2）投入下配制4种不同碳氮比的肥料，分别是碳氮比为：0∶1(CF)、3∶1（OF1)、6∶1(OF2)、9∶1(OF3)，并以不施氮肥（CK）为对照，分析不同碳氮比例对残膜污染棉田干物质积累与分配及产量形成的影响。两年研究结果表明，碳氮配施总体上对棉花长势、地上部干物质积累与分配有一定的促进作用，提高了棉花的单株结铃数和单铃质量，有利于棉花产量的提高。随着碳氮配施比例增加，棉花生育期内干物质积累量、向生殖器官干物质积累量和籽棉产量呈先显著上升后显著下降的趋势，均表现为OF2>OF3>OF1>CF；与其他碳氮配施比例相比，碳氮比为6∶1(OF2)的棉花平均株高、茎粗、叶片和果枝数较CF处理平均分别提高了3.66%、1.07%、0.97%、1.22%，干物质快速积累速率较大，干物质积累量较CF和CK分别提高了7.50%和10.35%，且向生殖器官的分配比例较其他处理提高了5.58%~15.63%，并且OF2的单株结铃数和单铃质量较CF处理平均分别提高了9.41%和5.52%，使得籽棉产量较其他处理分别提高了9.93%~33.46%。由相关性分析可知，籽棉产量与干物质积累量、铃数、营养器官积累量和生殖器官积累量之间的相关性最为显著。这些结果表明碳氮比6∶1对棉花长势、地上部干物质积累与分配有一定的促进作用，提高了棉花的单株结铃数和单铃质量，有利于棉花产量的提高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of carbon\|to\|nitrogen application ratio on the accumulation of photosynthetic products and yield in cotton fields contaminated with residual plastic film, a two\|year field trial was conducted in a typical residual film contaminated area of Xinjiang from 2023 to 2024. Using ‘Zhongmian 113’ as the experimental material, cow manure compost (C∶N=12∶1) and inorganic fertilizer (urea) were employed. Under equal nitrogen application rate (375 kg·hm-2), four different carbon\|to\|nitrogen ratio fertilizers were formulated.The ratios were 0∶1 (CF), 3∶1 (OF1), 6∶1 (OF2), and 9∶1 (OF3), with a control group receiving no nitrogen fertilizer (CK). The study analyzed the effects of different carbon\|to\|nitrogen ratios on dry matter accumulation, distribution, and yield formation in residual film\|contaminated cotton fields. The research results of two years showed that different carbon\|nitrogen application ratios have a certain promotional effect on cotton growth, above\|ground dry matter accumulation and distribution, increasing the number of bolls per plant and boll quality, which was conducive to improving cotton yield. As the carbon\|to\|nitrogen ratio increases, the accumulation of dry matter during the cotton growth period, the accumulation of dry matter in reproductive organs, and lint yield exhibited a trend of first significantly increasing and then significantly decreasing, with all showing the pattern OF2 > OF3 > OF1 > CF. Compared with other carbon\|to\|nitrogen ratios, the average plant height, stem thickness, number of leaves, and number of fruit branches were on average 3.66%, 1.07%, 0.97%, and 1.22% higher than the CF treatment, respectively. The rapid accumulation rate of dry matter was higher, and the dry matter accumulation increased by 7.50% and 10.35%, respectively, compared with the 0∶1 (CF) treatment and no nitrogen fertilizer (CK) treatment. The distribution ratio to reproductive organs increased by 5.58%~15.63% compared with other treatments, and the number of bolls per plant and single boll weight of OF2 increased by 9.41% and 5.52%, respectively, compared to the CF treatment, resulting in a 9.93% to 33.46% increase in lint yield compared to other treatments. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that the most significant correlations were observed between seed cotton yield and dry matter accumulation, boll number, accumulation in vegetative organs, and accumulation in reproductive organs. These results indicated that a carbon\|to\|nitrogen ratio of 6∶1 has a positive effect on cotton growth, above\|ground dry matter accumulation and distribution, increasing the number of bolls per plant and boll weight, thereby contributing to higher cotton yields. |
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