| 史多鹏,张立勤,崔云玲,孙和折.西北旱区基于玉米的间套复种多样化种植模式效率评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(5):129~137 |
| 西北旱区基于玉米的间套复种多样化种植模式效率评价 |
| Efficiency assessment of maize\|based diversified cropping systems, including intercropping, relay cropping, and multiple cropping in Northwest China arid regions |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.05.13 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 多样化种植 产量稳定性 种间竞争 土地利用 西北旱区 |
| 英文关键词:maize diversified cropping stability of maize yield interspecific competition land use Northwest China arid regions |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目“产能提升和资源高效利用的作物多样化体系设计与模式构建”（2022YFD1900202） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2024年在甘肃省白银市靖远县北滩镇景滩村开展大田试验，通过设置4种种植模式（T1：玉米单作；T2：玉米大豆间作；T3：玉米套种豌豆-复种娃娃菜；T4：玉米套种小麦-复种绿肥），评估多样化种植模式对玉米生产效率和土地利用的影响。结果表明，多样化种植模式（T2~T4）的土地当量比（LER）均大于1，且玉米净面积产量较单作模式（T1）显著提高49.09%~79.98%，其中T3处理玉米净面积产量最高，达到33 751.74 kg·hm-2。T2处理玉米株高和叶面积在各生育阶段均表现最优;其水分利用效率（WUE）最高（46.24 kg·hm-2·mm-1），较T1处理提高64.15%。玉米的累积相对效率（CRE）和竞争力（CI）与其最终产量呈显著正相关关系；T2和T3模式在玉米生育前期具有更高的累积相对效率，为后期高产奠定了基础。T4处理的玉米产量稳定性和可持续性最佳，其可持续产量指数(SYI)和产量稳定性(SY)分别为0.46和0.45。综上，多样化种植模式能够显著提高土地利用效率和玉米产量，其中玉米套种小麦-复种绿肥模式综合表现较佳，是适宜西北旱区的多样化种植模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A field experiment was conducted in 2024 at Jingtan Village, Beitan Town, Jingyuan County, Baiyin City, Gansu Province, to evaluate the impact of diversified cropping systems on maize production efficiency and land utilization. Four treatments were established: T1 (maize monoculture), T2 (maize\|soybean intercropping), T3 (maize\|pea relay cropping then multiple cropping baby Chinese cabbage), and T4 (maize\|wheat relay cropping then multiple cropping green manure). The results showed that diversified systems (T2~T4) exhibited land equivalent ratio (LER) exceeding 1. Compared with monoculture (T1), maize net area yield significantly increased by 49.09% to 79.98%, with T3 achieving the highest yield (33 751.74 kg·hm-2). Treatment T2 exhibited optimal maize plant height and leaf area across all growth stages and recorded the highest water use efficiency (WUE, 46.24 kg·hm-2·mm-1), representing a 64.15% improvement over T1. Cumulative relative efficiency (CRE) and competitiveness (CI) of maize showed a significant positive correlation with final yield. Systems T2 and T3 demonstrated higher cumulative relative efficiency during early growth stages, establishing the foundation for subsequent high yield. Treatment T4 displayed superior maize yield stability and sustainability, with sustainable yield index (SYI) and stability of maize yield (SY) values of 0.46 and 0.45, respectively. In conclusion, diversified cropping systems significantly enhance land use efficiency and maize yield. The maize\|wheat relay cropping then multiple cropping green manure system (T4) demonstrated optimal integrated performance, representing a suitable diversified cropping pattern for Northwest China arid regions. |
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