| 徐秋韵,周伟迪,韩成龙,谷艳杰,李凤民.垄沟覆膜和施磷对紫花苜蓿地土壤-植物-微生物系统生态化学计量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(5):147~158 |
| 垄沟覆膜和施磷对紫花苜蓿地土壤-植物-微生物系统生态化学计量的影响 |
| Effects of ridge and furrow mulching and phosphorus application on the ecological stoichiometry of soil\|plant\|microorganism system in alfalfa field |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.05.15 |
| 中文关键词: 垄沟覆膜 施磷 紫花苜蓿 土壤-植物-微生物系统 生态化学计量 |
| 英文关键词:ridge and furrow mulching phosphorus application Medicago sativa L. soil\|plant\|microorganism system ecological stoichiometry |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31960625）；青海省科技计划自然科学基金青年项目（2020-ZJ-969Q） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2011—2016年，在甘肃省榆中县中连川村，以紫花苜蓿人工草地为研究对象，采用裂区随机区组设计，设置平作不覆膜和垄沟覆膜2种覆膜方式及4个施磷处理（P0：不施磷，P1：施磷9.73 kg·hm-2，P2：施磷19.3 kg·hm-2和P3：施磷28.9 kg·hm-2），期间每年采集土壤和地上部植物样品以分析土壤-植物-微生物系统碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量变化特征。研究结果表明：（1）除高磷处理（P3）外，垄沟覆膜土壤碳、氮含量,C∶N、C∶P和N∶P以及微生物量碳（MBC）、C∶N和C∶P分别比平作不覆膜平均提高了39.3%、27.1%、13.5%、55.3%、49.8%、57.6%、39.6%和43.3%；垄沟覆膜土壤有效磷含量比平作不覆膜处理平均降低13.9%。（2）平作不覆膜条件下，土壤碳含量和C∶N、植株氮含量、MBC、C∶N和C∶P随施磷量增加而增加，垄沟覆膜条件下随施磷量的增加呈先增加后降低趋势。（3）平作不覆膜条件下，P1、P2和P3处理植株C∶N和微生物量氮（MBN）分别比P0处理降低了2.94%、7.02%、11.5%和8.62%、11.5%、19.1%；垄沟覆膜条件下，P1处理植株C∶N和MBN分别比P0处理降低了10.0%和24.3%，而P3处理植株C∶N和MBN分别比P1和P2处理提高了8.20%、5.93%和27.4%、9.92%。（4）与P0处理相比，施磷后土壤、植物和微生物量磷（MBP）含量分别提高了67.2%~164.0%、14.0%~34.3%、19.2%~87.0%，土壤C∶P和N∶P、植物C∶P和N∶P以及微生物量N∶P分别降低了29.5%~51.5%、30.1%~54.3%、13.2%~28.3%、6.71~19.8%、29.1%~52.7%。（5）随种植年限延长， 至2016年，土壤碳、氮含量和C∶N、植株N∶P以及微生物量C∶P较2011年分别累计增加49.3%、33.9%、11.3%、77.6%和126.0%，而植株磷含量累计降低51.3%。分析表明，垄沟覆膜条件下施磷量过高导致苜蓿和土壤微生物生长受氮缺乏限制，并加快土壤有机质分解，不利于维持黄土高原半干旱区紫花苜蓿生长和土壤肥力。因此，当垄沟覆膜条件下施磷量高于22.7 kg·hm-2时应供应适量氮肥。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| From 2011 to 2016, the alfalfa artificial grassland was used as the research object in Zhonglianchuan village, Yuzhong County, Gansu Province. The randomized block of split\|plot design was used. Two mulching methods (no mulching with flat planting and mulching with ridge and furrow) and four phosphorus application gradients (P0: no P applied, P1: apply 9.73 kg·hm-2 phosphorus, P2: apply 19.3 kg·hm-2 phosphorus, and P3: apply 28.9 kg·hm-2 phosphorus) were set up. During the period, soil and aboveground plant samples were collected every year to analyze the C, N, and P content of the soil\|plant\|microorganism system and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics. The results showed that, (1) In addition to high P treatment (P3), plastic film mulch with ridge and furrow averagely increased soil C, N, C∶N, C∶P, N∶P, soil microbial biomass C contents, C∶N, and C∶P by 39.3%, 27.1%, 13.5%, 55.3%, 49.8%, 57.6%, 39.6%, and 43.3%, respectively, compared to no mulching with flat planting. Soil available P under mulching with ridge and furrow averagely decreased by 13.9%, compared to no mulching with flat planting. (2) Soil C, C∶N, plant N, soil microbial biomass C, C∶N, and C∶P increased with increasing P levels in no mulching with flat planting but increased initially and then decreased with the increasing P levels under mulching with ridge and furrow. (3) Plant C∶N and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) in P1, P2 and P3 treatments decreased by 2.94%, 7.02%, 11.5% and 8.62%, 11.5%, 19.1%, respectively, compared to P0 in no plastic film mulch with flat planting. Plant C∶N and MBN in P1 treatment decreased by 10.0% and 24.3% respectively compared to P0, while in P3 treatment increased by 8.20%, 5.93% and 27.4%, 9.92%, respectively, compared to P1 and P2 under mulching with ridge and furrow. (4) P fertilization respectively increased soil, plant, and soil microbial biomass P by 67.2% to 164.0%, 14.0% to 34.3%, and 19.2% to 87.0%, and respectively decreased soil C∶P and N∶P, plant C∶P and N∶P, and soil microbial biomass N∶P by 29.5% to 51.5%, 30.1% to 54.3%, 13.2% to 28.3%, 6.71% to 19.8%, and 29.1% to 52.7%. (5) With the extension of planting years, by 2016, soil C, N, C∶N, plant N : P, and soil microbial biomass C∶P had cumulatively increased by 49.3%、33.9%、11.3%、77.6% , and 126.0%, respectively compared to 2011, while plant phosphorus content had cumulatively decreased by 51.3%. ]In summary, the growth of alfalfa and soil microorganisms was limited by N deficiency under mulching with ridge and furrow and a high amount of P fertilizer. This management practice accelerated the decomposition of soil organic matter, which was not conducive to maintaining the growth of alfalfa and soil fertility in the semi\|arid region of the Loess Plateau. Therefore, when the amount of P applied under mulching with ridge and furrow is higher than 22.7 kg·hm-2, appropriate nitrogen fertilizer should be supplied. |
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