张楠,郭晓雯,吴一博,闵伟,郭慧娟.长期咸水滴灌对棉田土壤有机碳组分及碳转化功能微生物的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(5):159~167
长期咸水滴灌对棉田土壤有机碳组分及碳转化功能微生物的影响
Effects of long\|term saline water drip irrigation on soil organic carbon fractions and carbon conversion microorganisms in cotton fields
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.05.16
中文关键词:  棉田；咸水滴灌；土壤有机碳；土壤碳转化微生物  土壤酶
英文关键词:cotton fields  saline water drip irrigation  soil organic carbon  soil carbon conversion microorganisms  soil enzyme
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32160742）；新疆生产建设兵团科技创新人才项目（2024DB020）；石河子大学大学生研究训练计划项目（SRP2024194）
作者单位
张楠 石河子大学农学院，新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地，新疆 石河子 832003 
郭晓雯 石河子大学农学院，新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地，新疆 石河子 832003 
吴一博 石河子大学农学院，新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地，新疆 石河子 832003 
闵伟 石河子大学农学院，新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地，新疆 石河子 832003 
郭慧娟 石河子大学农学院，新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地，新疆 石河子 832003 
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中文摘要:
      为明晰长期咸水滴灌对棉田土壤有机碳组分及碳转化功能微生物的影响，于2009年开展长期咸水灌溉试验，试验设淡水（0.35 dS·m-1，FW）和咸水（8.04 dS·m-1，SW）两种灌溉水盐度，以2023年棉花花铃期采集的0~20 cm土层土壤样品为研究对象，测定土壤的理化性质、有机碳组分和酶活性，利用宏基因组测序技术，定性定量分析棉田土壤中碳转化微生物群落特征，通过相关性分析探究碳转化微生物群落组成与土壤酶活性以及土壤有机碳组分之间的相关关系。结果表明：与淡水灌溉处理相比，咸水滴灌显著增加土壤含水量和电导率，分别增加27.6％和84.2％，但显著降低了土壤pH值、土壤总有机碳、易氧化有机碳、可溶性有机碳和微生物量碳含量，分别降低7.8％、15.4%、3.5%、10.4%和11.5%；同时显著降低蔗糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、过氧化氢酶和土壤N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性，分别降低了57.7%、31.8%、10.5%和55.6%。本研究筛选出门水平优势微生物主要包括酸杆菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门；属水平优势微生物主要包括类诺卡氏属、链霉菌属和鞘脂单胞菌属。长期咸水滴灌显著降低有机碳氧化过程相关基因coxM、coxS、fae、fodH、ubiX，但显著增加fghA基因相对丰度。有机碳氧化过程相关基因表达与土壤易氧化有机碳、溶解性有机碳和总有机碳含量呈正相关关系，酸杆菌门和变形菌门与微生物量碳含量呈正相关关系。长期咸水滴灌会改变土壤碳转化微生物群落特征及功能基因表达，同时影响土壤理化性质、降低有机碳组分含量和酶活性，其中，土壤电导率（EC）、含水量（SWC）和可溶性有机碳（DOC）含量是影响碳转化微生物的主要驱动因素。
英文摘要:
      To clarify the effects of long\|term saline water drip irrigation on the organic carbon components of cotton field soil and the carbon\|transforming functional microorganisms, a long\|term saline water irrigation experiment was initiated in 2009, setting two irrigation water salinities: freshwater (0.35 dS·m-1, FW) and saline water (8.04 dS·m-1, SW). Soil samples from the 0~20 cm layer were collected during the flowering period of cotton in 2023 to study the physicochemical properties, organic carbon components, and enzyme activities of the soil. Using metagenomic sequencing technology, the characteristics of carbon\|transforming microbial communities in cotton field soil were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationships between the composition of carbon\|transforming microbial communities, soil enzyme activities, and soil organic carbon components. The results showed that compared to freshwater irrigation, saline water drip irrigation significantly increased soil moisture content and electrical conductivity by 27.6% and 84.2%, respectively, but significantly reduced soil pH, total organic carbon, easily oxidizable organic carbon, soluble organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon content, decreasing by 7.8%, 15.4%, 3.5%, 10.4%, and 11.5%, respectively. Simultaneously, it significantly reduced the activities of sucrose, β-glucosidase, peroxidase, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase by 57.7%, 31.8%, 10.5%, and 55.6%, respectively. The study identified the dominant phyla as Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with the dominant genera being Nocardioides, Streptomyces, and Sphingomonas. Long\|term saline water drip irrigation significantly reduced the relative abundance of genes related to organic carbon oxidation processes, specifically coxM, coxS, fae, fodH, and ubiX, while significantly increasing the relative abundance of fghA. The genes related to organic carbon oxidation processes showed positive correlations with easily oxidizable organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and total organic carbon, while Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were positively correlated with microbial biomass carbon. Long\|term saline water drip irrigation will alter the characteristics of soil carbon\|transforming microbial communities and functional genes while also affecting soil physicochemical properties, reducing organic carbon component content and enzyme activities. Among these, soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil water content (SWC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are the main driving factors influencing carbon\|transforming microorganisms.
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