| 胡胜超,李雪嫣,胡雨彤,张群媛,王旭东,张育林.秸秆超高量深施对土壤速效氮的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(5):168~176 |
| 秸秆超高量深施对土壤速效氮的影响 |
| Effects of straw deep application at ultra\|high dosages on soil available nitrogen |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.05.17 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆超高量深施 冬小麦-夏玉米轮作 铵态氮 硝态氮 |
| 英文关键词:ultra\|high dosage straw deep application winter wheat\|summer maize rotation ammonium nitrogen nitrate nitrogen |
| 基金项目:陕西省农业关键核心技术攻关项目( 2023NYGG011) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探讨秸秆超高用量条件下秸秆还田深度对土壤速效氮含量及其储量的影响，本研究以小麦秸秆为供试材料进行田间试验。试验共设置6个处理，分别为CK（土壤深层未施秸秆）、J1-40（秸秆以24 000 kg·hm-2还田至40 cm）、J2-20（秸秆以123 000 kg·hm-2还田至20 cm）、J2-40（秸秆以123 000 kg·hm-2还田至40 cm）、J2-60（秸秆以123 000 kg·hm-2还田至60 cm）和J3-40（秸秆以308 000 kg·hm-2还田至40 cm）。研究结果表明，秸秆超高量深施能够显著提高表层（0~10 cm）土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮含量及其储量。其中，在小麦季0~10 cm土层中，J3-40处理较其他处理的铵态氮含量和储量分别提高6.91%~43.78%和18.68%~44.83%，J2-40处理硝态氮含量和储量较CK处理分别提高25.63%和25.99%。在玉米季0~10 cm土层中，J3-40处理较其他处理铵态氮含量和储量分别提高4.60%~43.14%和18.25%~44.16%，J2-40处理较CK硝态氮含量分别提高18.15%和18.51%。所有处理在施入秸秆的土层附近均观察到铵态氮含量和储量增加、硝态氮含量和储量降低的现象。在小麦季和玉米季40~50 cm土层中，J3-40处理的铵态氮含量较CK分别提升了47.78%和44.08%；J3-40处理较CK铵态氮储量分别提升43.86%和39.95%。在小麦季40~50 cm土层中，J2-40处理较CK硝态氮储量降低了14.78%。秸秆超高量深施1年后，深层土壤中的铵态氮和硝态氮含量及其储量保持稳定。秸秆超高量深施后在土壤30 cm以内没有造成明显的争氮现象。综上所述，短期来看将秸秆深埋至40 cm处对于土壤速效氮的优化效果最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Wheat straw was used in this study as the test material for field experiments to explore the effects of straw returning depths on the contents of available nitrogen and its storage in soil under the condition of ultra\|high dosage. Six treatments were set up in the experiment, ]including CK (no straw applied), J1-40 (24 000 kg·hm-2 returned to the soil in 40 cm), J2-20 (123 000 kg·hm-2 returned to the soil in 20 cm), J2-40 (123 000 kg·hm-2 returned to the soil in 40 cm), J2-60 (123 000 kg·hm-2 returned to the soil in 60 cm), and J3-40 (308 000 kg·hm-2 returned to the soil in 40 cm). The result showed that straw deep application at ultra\|high dosages could significantly increase the concentration and storage of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the surface soil (0~10 cm). In the 0~10 cm soil layer of wheat’s season, the J3-40 treatment increased the concentration and storage of ammonium nitrogen by 6.91%~43.78% and 18.68%~44.83% compared to other treatments, while the J2-40 treatment increased the concentration and storage of nitrate nitrogen by 25.63% and 25.99% compared to CK. In the 0~10 cm soil layer of maize’s season, the J3-40 treatment increased the concentration and storage of ammonium nitrogen by 4.6%~43.14% and 18.25%~44.16% compared to other treatments, and the J2-40 treatment increased the concentration of nitrate nitrogen by 18.15% and 18.51% compared to the CK treatment. In all treatments, an increasing trend in ammonium nitrogen concentration and storage, and a decreasing trend in nitrate nitrogen concentration were observed near the soil layer where straw was applied. In the 40~50 cm soil layer of the wheat and maize season, the ammonium nitrogen concentration of the J3-40 treatment increased by 47.78% and 44.08%, respectively, and the ammonium nitrogen storage of the J3-40 treatment increased by 43.86% and 39.95%, respectively, compared with the CK treatment. In the 40~50 cm soil layer of wheat’s season, the nitrate nitrogen storage under J2-40 treatment decreased by 14.78%, compared with the CK treatment. The concentration and storage of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in deep soil remained stable after one year of straw application. There was no obvious phenomenon of nitrogen competition within 30 cm soil layer after deep application of straw. In summary, it is best to deeply bury the straw into the 40 cm soil layer according to the soil’s available nitrogen concentration and storage in the short term. |
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