| 彭美龄,曹红霞,陈越浦,马丽娜,党小文,刘家璇,任利宇.关键生育期补灌对糜子生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(5):199~211 |
| 关键生育期补灌对糜子生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of supplementary irrigation at key growth stages on growth, yield and water use efficiency of broomcorn millet |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.05.20 |
| 中文关键词: 糜子 关键生育期补灌 干物质累积 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:broomcorn millet supplementary irrigation in key growth period dry matter accumulation yield water use efficiency |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点产业创新链-农业领域项目（2023-ZDLNY-46）；陕西杨凌农业高新产业示范区科技计划项目（2024NY-22） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究有限灌水条件下在关键生育期不同补充灌溉方案对糜子生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响，以‘榆糜2号’为研究对象，于2022—2023年在陕西榆林开展大田试验，试验以0～20 cm土层田间持水量(θf)的50%为灌水下限，分别设计0～20 cm土层70% θf和90% θf为灌水上限，设置抽穗期补灌、拔节期+抽穗期补灌2个补灌时期，具体为：抽穗期补灌70% θf（H70）、抽穗期补灌90% θf（H90）、拔节期补灌70% θf+抽穗期补灌70% θf（J70H70）、拔节期补灌70% θf+抽穗期补灌90% θf（J70F90）、拔节期补灌90% θf +抽穗期补灌70% θf（J90H70）、拔节期补灌90% θf +抽穗期补灌90% θf（J90H90）。以不覆膜雨养条件作为对照（CK），研究不同补灌时期及补灌量对糜子株高、叶面积指数、干物质累积与转运、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，补灌显著促进糜子生长发育，干物质平均增长速率、穗数、穗粒数、水分利用效率及降水利用效率分别提高了7.42%~116.24%、-9.89%~17.93%、8.9%~70.6%、19.82%~55.25%、32.81%~90.15%，快速生长期缩短了1~8 d，灌溉水利用效率和灌溉效益分别降低了21.78%~62.11%和8.48%~73.94%。抽穗期单次补灌下，H90获得产量和水分利用效率较高，分别为3 790.41~4 748.99 kg·hm-2、1.45~1.85 kg·hm-3。拔节期+抽穗期补灌条件下，J90H70的产量和水分利用效率为最高（4 067.39~5 373.72 kg·hm-2和1.59~1.96 kg·m-3），分别较CK提高了54.41%~88.73%和31.20%~55.25%。在有限灌水条件下，综合考虑产量、水分利用效率与灌溉效益， J90H70是高产高效的最优补灌方案；当仅补灌1次水时，采用抽穗期补灌90% θf（H90）灌溉策略能保证作物正常生长并达到一定增产效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To study the effects of different supplemental irrigation systems on the growth, yield, and water use efficiency of broomcorn millet under limited irrigation conditions during the critical growth period, fram 2022 to 2023, using ‘Yumi No. 2’ as the research object, field experiments were conducted in Yulin, Shaanxi Province. In the experiment, 50% of the field water capacity (θf) of the 0~20 cm soil layer was taken as the lower irrigation limit, and 70% θf and 90% θf of the 0~20 cm soil layer were designed as the upper irrigation limit, respectively. Two supplemental irrigation periods were set up: supplemental irrigation at the heading stage and supplemental irrigation at the jointing stage + heading stage. Specifically: supplementary irrigation at heading to 70% θf (H70), supplementary irrigation at heading to 90% θf (H90), supplementary irrigation at the jointing to 70% θf+ supplementary irrigation at the heading to 70% θf (J70H70), supplementary irrigation at the jointing to 70% θf + supplementary irrigation at the heading to 90% θf (J70F90), supplemental irrigation at the jointing stage to 90% θf + supplemental irrigation at the heading stage to 70% θf (J90H70), and supplemental irrigation at the jointing stage to 90% θf + supplemental irrigation at the heading stage to 90% θf (J90H90). Non\|mulched rainfed (CK) was used as a control. The effects of different supplemental irrigation periods and amounts on plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and translocation, yield, and water use efficiency of broomcorn millet were studied. The results showed that supplementary irrigation significantly promoted the growth and development of broomcorn millet. The average growth rate of dry matter, spike number, grain number per spike, water use efficiency, and precipitation use efficiency were increased by 7.42%~116.24%, -9.89%~17.93%, 8.9%~70.6%, 19.82%~55.25%, and 32.81%~90.15%, respectively. The rapid growth period was shortened by 1~8 days, and the irrigation water use efficiency and irrigation benefit were reduced by 21.78%~62.11% and 8.48%~73.94%. This study showed that the yield and water use efficiency of H90 were 3 790.41~4 748.99 kg·hm-2and 1.45~1.85 kg·hm-3. Under the condition of supplementary irrigation at the jointing stage + the heading stage, the yield and water use efficiency of J90H70 were the highest (4 067.39~5 373.72 kg·hm-2, 1.59~1.96 kg·hm-3), which were 54.41%~88.73% and 31.20%~55.25% higher than those of CK, respectively. Under the condition of limited irrigation, considering the yield, water use efficiency, and irrigation benefit, J90H70 was the optimal supplementary irrigation scheme for high yield and high efficiency. When the water was supplemented once, the H90 irrigation strategy could achieve the yield increase effect of J70H70 and save the production cost. This study can provide a theoretical basis for promoting the efficient production of water\|saving agriculture in broomcorn millet in arid and semi\|arid areas. |
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