| 冶福海,刘洪光,汤骅,李玲,龚萍,李鹏飞.明沟和暗管排水控盐效果及暗管失效后返盐规律研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(5):212~223 |
| 明沟和暗管排水控盐效果及暗管失效后返盐规律研究 |
| Study on salt effect of drainage and salt control in open ditch and subsurface pipe drainage and regularity of salt return after failure of subsurface pipe |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.05.21 |
| 中文关键词: 明沟排水 暗管排水 土壤盐分 棉花产量 新疆玛纳斯流域灌区 |
| 英文关键词:open\|ditch drainage subsurface pipes drainage soil salinity cotton yield Manas River Basin irrigation district in Xinjiang |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（52069026）；新疆生产建设兵团财政科技计划项目（2023AB073） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究明沟和暗管在长期排水控盐效果方面的差异及暗管失效后土壤盐分空间迁移特征，于2012—2023年在新疆玛纳斯河流域下野地灌区开展田间试验，设置两种排水措施（ODD：明沟排水，明沟底宽0.7 m+顶宽10 m，沟深2.2 m；SPD：暗管排水，暗管管径70 mm，埋深2.2 m）。针对明沟和暗管排水措施下排水排盐特征、土壤盐分运移及棉花生物量、产量变化开展研究。结果表明：（1）2012—2023年ODD处理正常排水，而SPD处理自2020年起停止排水。2012—2019年共同排水期间，ODD和SPD处理0~200 cm土层脱盐率分别为79.1%和72.0%。（2）2020—2023年，ODD处理0~200 cm土层含盐量相比2019年平均下降28.3%；暗管排水工程失效后，0~80 cm土层含盐量平均下降4.6%，而80~200 cm土层含盐量增加14.3%，呈现“上层脱盐，下层积盐”现象。（3）2019年，两种排水处理下棉花生物量和产量与2012年相比差异极显著（P<0.001），ODD和SPD处理棉花产量分别是2012年的19.07倍和19.90倍；2020—2023年间，ODD处理下棉花根、茎、叶干物质量、百铃重、有效铃数及产量增幅相比SPD处理分别高52.7%、53.4%、10.2%、83.1%、10.3%和40.6%。土壤盐分分布与棉花生长对不同排水措施的响应特征表明，ODD和SPD处理均可有效移除土壤中多余的水分，加速土壤盐分淋洗过程，改善灌区土壤水盐状况，但ODD处理排水控盐效果更加突出。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A 12-year field experiment was conducted in the Xiayedi irrigation district of the Manas River Basin, Xinjiang (2012-2023), to investigate the difference of long\|term drainage and salt control between open ditch and subsurface pipe and the characteristics of soil salt spatial migration after subsurface pipe failure. A total of two drainage measures (ODD: open ditch drainage, open ditch bottom width 1 m + top width 3 m, ditch depth 2.2 m; SPD: subsurface pipe drainage, pipe diameter 70 mm, buried depth 2.2 m) were installed. The characteristics of drainage and salt discharge, soil salt transport, cotton biomass, and yield changes under open ditch and subsurface pipe drainage measures were studied. The results showed that, (1) The ODD treatment was normally drained from 2012 to 2023, while the SPD treatment stopped draining from 2020. During the co\|drainage period from 2012 to 2019, the desalination rate of the 0~200 cm soil layer reached 79.1% and 72.0% for the ODD and SPD treatments, respectively. (2) In 2020-2023, the salinity in the 0~200 cm soil layer of the ODD treatment decreased by 28.3% on average compared to 2019. After the failure of the culvert drainage project, the salinity in the 0~80 cm soil layer decreased by 4.6% on average, while the salinity in the 80~200 cm soil layer increased by 14.3%, resulting in the phenomenon of “desalination in the upper layer and accumulation of salt in the lower layer”. (3) In 2019, cotton biomass and yield under both drainage treatments reached the level of highly significant difference (P<0.001) compared with 2012, in which the cotton yields under ODD and SPD treatments were 19.07 times and 19.90 times that of 2012, respectively. During the period of 2020-2023, the dry matter mass of roots, stems, and leaves, the weight of 100 bolls, the number of effective bolls, and the yield in ODD treatment increased by 52.7%, 53.4%, 10.2%, 83.1%, 10.3%, and 40.6%, respectively, compared with those of SPD. The response characteristics of soil salt distribution and cotton growth to different drainage measures showed that both ODD and SPD treatments could effectively remove excess water in soil, accelerate the process of soil salt leaching, and improve the soil water and salt status in the irrigation area, but the effect of ODD treatment on drainage and salt control was more outstanding. |
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