段成伟,杨鑫光,孙华方,张湑泽,王丽蓉,李婷.柴达木盆地盐碱地禾谷类作物耐盐碱综合评价与筛选[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(6):23~38
柴达木盆地盐碱地禾谷类作物耐盐碱综合评价与筛选
Comprehensive evaluation and screening of saline\|alkali tolerance of cereal crop in saline\|alkali soil of Qaidam Basin
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.06.03
中文关键词:  禾谷类作物  耐盐碱  综合评价  灰色关联度  柴达木盆地
英文关键词:cereal crops  saline\|alkali tolerance  comprehensive evaluation  grey relational analysis  Qaidam Basin
基金项目:青海省青海民族大学理工类科学研究项目（2024XJMD06）；全球大气本底与青藏高原大数据应用中心-青海省2024年创新平台建设专项项目（2024-SF-J10）；2023年中央科研创新平台建设项目（30160101141）
作者单位
段成伟 青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院, 青海 西宁 810007； 青海省特色经济植物高值化利用重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810007 
杨鑫光 青海民族大学政治与公共管理学院, 青海 西宁 810007 
孙华方 青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院, 青海 西宁 810007； 青海省特色经济植物高值化利用重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810007 
张湑泽 青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院, 青海 西宁 810007； 青海省特色经济植物高值化利用重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810007 
王丽蓉 青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院, 青海 西宁 810007； 青海省特色经济植物高值化利用重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810007 
李婷 青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院, 青海 西宁 810007 
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中文摘要:
      为明确不同种类禾谷类作物耐盐碱能力并筛选出适宜在柴达木盆地盐碱地种植及适应性强的禾谷类作物种类，以‘昆仑15号’青稞（Hordeum vulgare var. nudum, HVN）、甜高粱（Sorghum bicolor, SB）、春小麦（Triticum aestivum, TA）、啤酒大麦（Hordeum vulgare, HV）、‘中饲1048’小黑麦（Triticosecale wittmack, TW）、‘青甜1号’燕麦（Avena sativa, AS）等6种禾谷类作物为试验材料，采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法探究一个种植周期（5—9月）内禾谷类作物的生长特性、产量性状、土壤理化性质及三者相关性的变化规律。结果表明：盐碱胁迫下，HV的盖度和密度分别为83.25%和68.25株·m-2，AS的地上生物量（鲜重）为639.90 g·m-2，显著高于其他禾谷类作物（P<0.05）；HVN、TW、AS的地上生物量（干重）分别为119.00、126.00、139.40 g·m-2，均显著高于其他禾谷类作物（P<0.05）。HV的穗数、千粒重、产量分别为7 311.15穗·hm-2、42.28 g、3 152.00 kg·hm-2，TW的穗粒数为4.32粒·穗-1，均显著高于其他禾谷类作物（P<0.05）。HV的土壤初始水量、饱和持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量分别为8.21%、33.12%、32.81%、31.22%，显著高于其他禾谷类作物（P<0.05）；TA的土壤非毛管孔隙度和HV的土壤毛管孔隙度最高，分别为4.53%和46.77%；AS的土壤容重和HV的土壤pH最低，分别为1.17 g·cm-3和8.71。HV的土壤有机质含量最高，为17.49 g·kg-1；AS的土壤速效氮和速效磷含量最高，分别为40.83 mg·kg-1和19.93 mg·kg-1，均显著高于其他禾谷类作物（P<0.05）；AS的土壤速效钾含量最高，为403.98 mg·kg-1，显著高于HVN、SB和TA（P<0.05）。Spearman相关检验和Mantel检验表明，在盐碱胁迫下禾谷类作物生长特性和产量性状与土壤特性之间存在显著关系，各土壤特性之间也存在显著关系。方差分解分析结果表明，土壤水分、土壤养分以及两者之间的相互作用是解释盐碱胁迫处理下禾谷类作物生长特性和产量性状变化的重要因素，解释率分别为28.0%、5.8%、28.1%和27.2%、9.8%、10.6%。通过随机森林分析进一步确定了6种禾谷类作物生长特性和产量性状的主要土壤特性影响因子，其中土壤初始水量是其最重要变量，其次是速效氮和速效磷。灰色关联度综合评价结果表明，HV、AS和TW表现优异，适宜在柴达木盆地盐碱地推广种植。
英文摘要:
      This study aimed to clarify the saline\|alkali tolerance of different cereal crop species and screen out cereal crop species with strong adaptability suitable for planting in Qaidam basin saline\|alkali soil. The dynamic changes of cereal crop growth characteristics, yield traits, soil physicochemical properties, and their correlations during a complete growing season (May to September) using six cereal crops (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum(HVN), Sorghum bicolor (SB), Triticum aestivum (TA), Hordeum vulgare (HV), Triticosecale wittmack (TW), and Avena sativa (AS)) were investigated by field investigation and laboratory studies. The results showed that the coverage and adult plant density of HV under saline\|alkali stress were 83.25% and 68.25 plants·m-2, respectively. AS had the highest aboveground biomass (fresh weight), which was 639.90 g·m-2, significantly higher than other cereal crops (P<0.05). The aboveground biomass (dry weight) of HVN, TW, and AS were 119.00 g·m-2, 126.00 g·m-2, and 139.40 g·m-2, respectively, significantly higher than other cereal crops (P<0.05). The spike number, thousand grains weight, and grain yield of HV were 7 311.15 spike·hm-2, 42.28 g, and 3 152.00 kg·hm-2, respectively. TW had the highest grain number per spike, which was 4.32 grain number·spike-1, significantly higher than other cereal crops (P<0.05). The soil initial gravimetric water content, saturated water\|holding capacity, capillary capacity, and field capacity of HV were 8.21%, 33.12%, 32.81%, and 31.22%, respectively, significantly higher than other cereal crops (P<0.05). The soil noncapillary porosity of TA and the capillary porosity of HV were the highest, at 4.53% and 46.77%, respectively. AS had the lowest soil bulk density, and HV had the lowest pH, which were 1.17g·cm-3 and 8.71. HV had the highest soil organic matter content, which was 17.49 g·kg-1. The soil available nitrogen and phosphorus content of AS were the highest, at 40.83 mg·kg-1 and 19.93 mg·kg-1, respectively, both significantly higher than other cereal crops (P<0.05). AS had the highest soil available potassium content, which was 403.98 mg·kg-1, significantly higher than HVN, SB, and TA (P<0.05). The Spearman correlation test and Mantel test showed that there is a significant relationship between the growth characteristics and yield traits of cereal crops and soil variables under saline\|alkali stress, and there was also a significant relationship among soil variables. Variance partitioning analysis showed that soil moisture, soil nutrients, and their interaction are important factors in explaining the changes of growth characteristics and yield traits of cereal crops under saline\|alkali stress;the explanatory rates were 28.0%, 5.8%, 28.1%, and 27.2%, 9.8%, 10.6%, respectively. Random forest analysis further determined the main soil characteristic predictors of growth characteristics and yield traits of six cereal crops. Initial gravimetric water content was the most important variable for predicting the growth characteristics and yield traits of six cereal crops. The comprehensive evaluation results of grey relational analysis showed that HV,AS, and TW perform excellently and are suitable for popularization and planting in saline\|alkali areas of the Qaidam Basin.
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