| 仇海龙,陈桂平,郭瑶,李盼,韦金贵,赵连豪,万平兴,殷文.西北绿洲灌区玉米密植生产的可持续性研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(6):88~98 |
| 西北绿洲灌区玉米密植生产的可持续性研究 |
| Study on the sustainability of maize production technology by increasing density in northwest oasis irrigation area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.06.09 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 密植 资源利用效率 产量 经济效益 可持续性评价 |
| 英文关键词:maize dense planting efficient utilization of resources yield economic benefits sustainability evaluation |
| 基金项目:甘肃省科技计划项目(25JRRA347，23JRRA704，23JRRA1407)；国家自然科学基金项目(32372238，32460547)；甘肃省高校产业支撑计划项目(2025CYZC-037)；兰州市青年科技人才项目(2023-QN-182，2024-QN-128)；西北师范大学青年教师科研能力提升项目(NWNU-LKQN2023-09)；甘肃省高校研究生“创新之星”项目（2025CXZX-760） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对河西绿洲灌区施氮条件下玉米增密阈值不明、可持续性生产存在严峻挑战等问题，于2019—2022年开展田间试验，设置不施氮（N0）和施氮450 kg·hm-2（N1）两个施氮梯度及低密度73 600株·hm-2（D1）、中密度85 900株·hm-2（D2）和高密度98 200株·hm-2（D3）三个种植密度，探究各处理的玉米产量表现、资源利用、经济效益，同时进行可持续性评价。结果表明：高密度结合施氮（N1D3）可有效提高玉米籽粒产量和生物产量，较低密度结合施氮（N1D1）和中密度结合施氮（N1D2）处理籽粒产量分别提高18.9%和23.0%，生物产量分别提高14.6%和6.5%；同时，N1D3处理有利于提高玉米水分利用效率、氮素利用率和光能利用率，较N1D1处理分别提高34.2%、10.5%和23.1%，较N1D2处理分别提高16.9%、5.1%和7.3%。在保持总投入基本不变的情况下，N1D3处理玉米总产值、单方水效益、纯收益和产投比也具有更优表现，较N1D2处理分别提高21.6%、15.6%、37.1%和20.9%。得益于对光能、水分、氮素利用等多维度资源利用效率的协同提升，N1D3处理表现出较高的可持续性评价指数，较N1D1和N1D2处理分别提高28.9%和14.2%。综上，450 kg·hm-2施氮条件配合98 200株·hm-2的种植密度显著提高了玉米产量、光能、水分和氮素利用效率，可作为河西绿洲灌区玉米增产提效的可持续生产模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In response to challenges such as the unclear threshold for increasing maize planting density under nitrogen application and the sustainability of production in the Hexi Oasis irrigation area, a four\|year field experiment (2019-2022) was conducted. The experiment included two nitrogen application levels: no nitrogen (N0) and 450 kg·hm-2 (N1), along with three planting densities: low density (73 600 plants·hm-2, D1), medium density (85 900 plants·hm-2, D2), and high density (98 200 plants·hm-2, D3). The study aimed to evaluate the effects of these treatments on maize yield performance, resource utilization, economic benefits, and overall sustainability. The results showed that the high planting density combined with nitrogen application (N1D3) effectively enhanced both grain yield and biomass yield of maize. Compared to the low density with nitrogen (N1D1) and medium density with nitrogen (N1D2) treatments, the grain yield increased by 18.9% and 23.0%, respectively, and biomass yield increased by 14.6% and 6.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, the N1D3 treatment also improved water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, and light use efficiency, which were enhanced by 34.2%, 10.5%, and 23.1% compared to N1D1, and by 16.9%, 5.1%, and 7.3% compared to N1D2, respectively. In addition, N1D3 treatment also had better performance in total output, per cubic meter water benefit, net income, and output/input ratio under the condition of keeping the total input basically unchanged, which were 21.6%, 37.1%, 20.9%, and 15.6% higher than N1D2 treatment. Owing to the synergistic improvement in the efficiency of multiple resource dimensions, including light, water, and nitrogen use, the N1D3 treatment achieved a higher sustainability index, which increased by 28.9% and 14.2% compared to N1D1 and N1D2, respectively. In conclusion, under the nitrogen application rate of 450 kg·hm-2, a planting density of 98 200 plants·hm-2 significantly enhanced maize yield as well as light, water, and nitrogen use efficiencies. This combination can be recommended as a sustainable production strategy to increase yield and resource efficiency for maize in the Hexi Oasis irrigation area. |
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