| 包小燕,孟浩峰,李玲玲,王春艳,田鑫,王鑫,汪维强.氮密互作对旱作马铃薯产量和氮肥利用效率的调控及根系作用机制[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(6):99~109 |
| 氮密互作对旱作马铃薯产量和氮肥利用效率的调控及根系作用机制 |
| Regulation of nitrogen\|dense interaction on yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of dryland potatoes and root mechanism |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.06.10 |
| 中文关键词: 马铃薯 氮密互作 根系形态 根系活力 产量 氮肥利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:potato nitrogen\|dense interaction root morphological root activity yield nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900700，2022YFD1900300）；甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目（23JRRA1437）；省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室开放基金项目（GSCS-2022-04）；甘肃农业大学公招博士科研启动基金项目（GAU-KYQD-2021-43）；甘肃省教育厅—优秀研究生“创新之星”项目（2023CXZX-650） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究旱作马铃薯根系形态与根系活力对施氮量与栽培密度互作的响应及其对产量和氮肥利用效率的影响，筛选适宜陇中旱农区马铃薯生产的施氮量和栽培密度，于2023—2024年设置3个氮肥梯度（N0：不施氮；N2：纯氮200 kg·hm-2；N3：纯氮300 kg·hm-2）和3个栽培密度（D1：3.75万株·hm-2；D2：5.25万株·hm-2；D3：6.75万株·hm-2），分析施氮量与栽培密度对马铃薯根系形态、根系活力、产量和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明：N2D2处理马铃薯根系形态表现较优，与其他处理相比，其在块茎膨大期和淀粉积累期的根干质量分别显著增加9.54%~151.15%和3.89%~134.41%，根表面积分别显著增加12.73%~65.08%和7.37%~91.03%；根长和根系投影面积在淀粉积累期分别显著增加3.89%~134.41%和8.92%~72.43%；根体积和根系活力在块茎膨大期分别显著增加13.89%~63.05%和10.95%~72.46%。N2D2处理产量和氮肥利用效率最高，与其他处理相比，2023年和2024年产量分别提高4.11%~150.32%和3.94%~169.25%，氮肥农学利用率分别显著提高6.94%~77.59%和2.74%~108.56%，氮肥偏生产力分别显著提高4.12%~94.21%和3.95%~121.55%。综上，施氮200 kg·hm-2+栽培密度5.25万株·hm-2可有效促进马铃薯单株根干质量、根表面积、根体积，增强根系活力，提高根系吸收能力，有利于增加马铃薯单株结薯数，从而提高马铃薯产量和氮肥利用效率，推荐作为陇中旱农区适宜的氮密互作栽培模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study aimed to explore the response of root morphology and root activity of dryland potatoes to the interactions of nitrogen application and cultivation density and its effect on yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, and to screen the nitrogen application rate and planting density suitable for potato production in the dryland area of central Gansu. The experiment was conducted during 2023-2024 with three nitrogen gradients (N0: no nitrogen fertilizer; N2: 200 kg·hm-2 nitrogen; N3: 300 kg·hm-2 nitrogen) and three cultivation densities (D1: 37 500 plants·hm-2; D2: 52 500 plants·hm-2; D3: 67 500 plants·hm-2). The effects of different nitrogen application rates and cultivation densities on root morphology,root activity, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency of potatoes were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the root morphology of potatoes under N2D2 treatment was better than that under other treatments. Compared with other treatments, the root dry weight of potato under N2D2 treatment increased by 9.54%~151.15% and 3.89%~134.41% during tuber swelling and starch accumulation stages,respectively, and the root surface area increased by 12.73% ~65.08% and 7.37%~91.03%, respectively. The root length and root projection area increased significantly by 3.89%~134.41% and 8.92%~72.43%, respectively, during the starch accumulation period. Root volume and root activity increased significantly by 13.89%~63.05% and 10.95%~72.46%, respectively. The yield and nitrogen use efficiency of N2D2 treatment were the highest. Compared with other treatments, the yield in 2023 and 2024 increased by 4.11%~150.32% and 3.94%~169.25%, respectively. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 6.94%~77.59% and 2.74%~108.56%, and the partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 4.12%~94.21% and 3.95%~121.55%, respectively. In summary, the nitrogen application of 200 kg·hm-2 and cultivation density of 52 500 plants·hm-2 could effectively promote root dry mass,root surface area and root volume of potato per plant,enhance root activity, improve root absorption capacity, increase the number of potato per plant, thereby improving potato yield and nitrogen use efficiency. It is a suitable nitrogen\|dense interaction cultivation mode in the rainfed central Gansu Province. |
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