| 郜全同,胥雅馨,薛丽华,王聪,章建新.土壤灭菌与施氮组合对大豆根系生长、氮素积累及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(6):120~128 |
| 土壤灭菌与施氮组合对大豆根系生长、氮素积累及产量的影响 |
| Effects of soil sterilization and nitrogen application on root growth, nitrogen accumulation, and yield of soybean |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.06.12 |
| 中文关键词: 大豆 共生固氮 氮肥调控 氮积累量 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词:soybean symbiotic nitrogen fixation nitrogen fertilizer regulation nitrogen accumulation yield quality |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（32160520）；新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项计划项目（2022A02008-2） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确大豆共生固氮与大豆产量和品质形成的关系及氮肥的调控效应，于2023—2024年以‘东农豆252’为材料，采用裂区盆栽试验，主区设土壤灭菌（NOR）、对照（R）处理；副区设施氮量：0 g·盆-1（N0）、1.04 g·盆-1（N1）、2.07 g·盆-1（N2）、3.15 g·盆-1（N3），系统研究了土壤灭菌与施氮量组合对大豆根系干物质积累量、侧根长及表面积、根瘤数、植株氮素积累、籽粒产量及蛋白含量的影响。结果表明：NOR处理满粒期N0、N1、N2、N3总根干物质量、侧根长及表面积分别较R处理降低8.93%~17.82%、10.02%~20.90%、8.55%~25.58%。NOR处理均不产生根瘤，NOR较R处理N2的氮素积累降低11.32%~29.67%；NOR处理N0、N1、N2、N3的大豆产量较R处理降低18.83%~24.00%，显著降低籽粒蛋白含量。增施氮肥不能补偿因土壤灭菌失去根瘤固氮能力导致氮素积累量、产量和籽粒蛋白质含量的损失。NOR和R处理随施氮量的增加，根系干重、侧根长和表面积、氮素积累量、产量和氮肥农学利用效率均呈现先增后降的变化趋势，均以N2较高。R处理N2氮素积累量中土壤氮、肥料氮、共生固氮分别占11.58%~21.44%、30.44%~33.82%、48.10%~54.60%。共生固氮促进大豆根系生长，对产量和品质形成的重要作用是氮肥所不能替代的。大豆高产优质高效需要充分发挥共生固氮潜力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the relationship between symbiotic nitrogen fixation in soybeans and their yield and quality formation, as well as the regulatory effect of nitrogen fertilizer, a split\|plot pot experiment was conducted from 2023 to 2024 using ‘Dongnongdou 252’ as the material. The main plots were soil sterilization (NOR) and control (R) treatments, while the subplots were nitrogen application rates of 0 g·pot-1 (N0), 1.04 g·pot-1 (N1), 2.07 g·pot-1 (N2), and 3.15 g·pot-1 (N3). The experiment systematically investigated the effects of the combinations of soil sterilization and nitrogen application rates on the dry matter accumulation of soybean roots, the length and surface area of lateral roots, the number of nodules, the nitrogen accumulation of plants, grain yield, and protein content. The results showed that in the NOR treatment at the full seed stage, the total dry matter of roots, the length and surface area of lateral roots in N0, N1, N2, and N3 were reduced by 8.93% to 17.82%, 10.02% to 20.90%, and 8.55% to 25.58%, respectively, compared with the R treatment. No nodules were formed in the NOR treatment, and the nitrogen accumulation in the NOR treatment at N2 was reduced by 11.32% to 29.67% compared with the R treatment. The yields of the NOR treatment at N0, N1, N2, and N3 were reduced by 18.83% to 24.00% compared with the R treatment, and the protein content of the grains was significantly reduced. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application could not compensate for the loss of nitrogen accumulation, yield, and protein content in grains caused by the loss of symbiotic nitrogen fixation capacity due to soil sterilization. With the increase in nitrogen application rates in both NOR and R treatments, the dry weight of roots, the length and surface area of lateral roots, nitrogen accumulation, yield, and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency all showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, with the highest values at N2. In the R treatment at N2, soil nitrogen, fertilizer nitrogen, and symbiotic nitrogen fixation accounted for 1.58% to 21.44%, 30.44% to 33.82%, and 48.10% to 54.60% of the nitrogen accumulation, respectively. It can be seen that symbiotic nitrogen fixation promotes the growth of soybean roots and plays an important role in yield and quality formation that cannot be replaced by nitrogen fertilizer. To achieve high yield, quality, and efficiency in soybeans, it is necessary to fully utilize the potential of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. |
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