| 郝建学,古丽再努尔·玉山,林明,卢亚杰,赵敏,谭雪莲,孙振才,樊晓琴.减少灌溉量配施土壤改良剂对新疆制种玉米产量、氮素利用及硝态氮动态的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(6):184~194 |
| 减少灌溉量配施土壤改良剂对新疆制种玉米产量、氮素利用及硝态氮动态的影响 |
| Effects of reducing irrigation amount and applying soil amendments on seed maize yield, nitrogen utilization, and nitrate dynamics in Xinjiang |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.06.18 |
| 中文关键词: 制种玉米 灌水量 土壤改良剂 氮素利用 产量 |
| 英文关键词:seed corn irrigation amount soil amendment nitrogen utilization yield |
| 基金项目:河北省科技计划资助项目（225A9908D）；新疆维吾尔自治区玛纳斯县国家级杂交玉米种子生产基地建设玉米关键栽培技术研发项目（MNSZZDX2021-02）；玉米生物育种全国重点实验室科研项目（SKLMB2442）；中国农业大学“2115”人才工程项目（2024）；拼多多-中国农业大学研究基金（PC2023B02006） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探索新疆干旱地区制种玉米的适宜灌溉制度和土壤改良措施，通过大田试验设置3种灌溉量（常规灌溉W1：6 000 m3·hm-2、W2：5 400 m3·hm-2、W3：4 800 m3·hm-2）与4种改良剂（N1：生物炭2 000 kg·hm-2、N2：微生物菌肥750 kg·hm-2、N3：生物有机肥750 kg·hm-2、N4：有机肥9 525 kg·hm-2）配施处理，研究减少灌溉量配施土壤改良剂对制种玉米生长特性、产量、氮素利用以及硝态氮的影响。结果表明：灌溉量5 400 m3·hm-2配施有机肥和微生物菌肥使产量大幅度提高，分别达到6 225.3 kg·hm-2和6 048.3 kg·hm-2，较其他处理组增产5.2%～17.2%和2.2%～13.9%，与常规灌溉水量相比节水10%。5 400 m3·hm-2灌溉量配施有机肥处理成熟期干物质累积量和籽粒氮素含量最高，较其他处理分别提高8.5%～66.7%和4.9%～28.7%，氮素利用率和氮素收获指数较低，与5 400 m3·hm-2灌溉量配施微生物菌肥处理相比分别降低4.2%和1.5%。增加灌溉量加剧了硝态氮的淋溶，6 000 m3·hm-2灌溉处理60～100 cm土层硝态氮含量较其他处理增加9.1%～45.5%；施用有机肥和微生物菌肥改善了土壤氮素供应状况，吐丝期0～40 cm土层硝态氮含量较其他处理分别提高35.7%～59.4%和9.4%～38.5%。综上，灌溉量5 400 m3·hm-2配施有机肥能够达到高产节水的目的，推荐将其作为新疆干旱地区制种玉米的栽培措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore suitable irrigation regimes and soil amendment strategies for seed maize production in arid regions of Xinjiang, a field experiment was conducted. Three irrigation levels (conventional irrigation W1: 6 000 m3·hm-2, W2: 5 400 m3·hm-2, W3: 4 800 m3·hm-2) were combined with four soil amendments (N1: biochar (2 000 kg·hm-2), N2: microbial fertilizer (750 kg·hm-2), N3: bio\|organic fertilizer (750 kg·hm-2), N4: organic fertilizer (9 525 kg·hm-2)). The effects of reduced irrigation and soil amendments on growth characteristics, yield, nitrogen utilization, and nitrate nitrogen dynamics of seed maize were investigated. The results showed that the 5 400 m3·hm-2 irrigation level combined with organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer significantly increased yields, reaching 6 225.3 kg·hm-2 and 6 048.3 kg·hm-2, respectively. These treatments represented yield increases of 5.2%～17.2% and 2.2%～13.9% compared to other treatments and a 10% water saving compared to conventional irrigation. The 5 400 m3·hm-2 irrigation level with organic fertilizer application resulted in the highest dry matter accumulation and grain nitrogen content at maturity, with increases of 8.5%～66.7% and 4.9%～28.7%, respectively, compared to other treatments. However, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index were lower, decreasing by 4.2% and 1.5%, respectively, compared to the 5 400 m3·hm-2 irrigation level combined with microbial fertilizer. Increased irrigation intensified nitrate leaching, with nitrate nitrogen content at 60～100 cm soil depth under the 6 000 m3·hm-2 irrigation treatment being 9.1%～45.5% higher than other treatments. Application of both organic and microbial fertilizers improved soil nitrogen availability, increasing nitrate nitrogen content at the silking stage in the 0～40 cm soil layer by 35.7%～59.4% and 9.4%～38.5%, respectively, compared to other treatments. In conclusion, irrigating with 5 400 m3·hm-2 combined with organic fertilizer application is recommended as a water\|saving and high\|yield cultivation practice for seed maize in arid regions of Xinjiang. |
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