| 马宇静,周青云,莫彦,张德全,吕平安,先建春,李孟航.内蒙引黄灌区畦灌不同施肥模式对土壤硝态氮分布和玉米产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(6):195~205 |
| 内蒙引黄灌区畦灌不同施肥模式对土壤硝态氮分布和玉米产量的影响 |
| Impact of different fertilization modes on soil nitrate nitrogen distribution and maize yield in border irrigation systems of Inner Mongolia’s Yellow River Diversion Irrigation District |
| |
| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.06.19 |
| 中文关键词: 夏玉米 灌溉施肥 施肥模式 土壤硝态氮 产量 |
| 英文关键词:summer maize irrigation and fertilization fertilization mode soil nitrate nitrogen yield |
| 基金项目:“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项项目（2022EEDSKJXM004-3） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 171 |
| 全文下载次数: 78 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究内蒙引黄灌区夏玉米畦灌适宜的灌溉施肥模式，于2023—2024年在黄河南岸灌区开展大田试验，设置液施和撒施两种施肥模式，分析液施水肥一体化不同施肥模式（全程液施、前半程液施、后半程液施）和撒施（传统施肥）对土壤硝态氮分布、作物生长以及水肥利用效率的影响。结果表明：不同施肥模式的土壤水分分布规律一致，硝态氮分布具有显著性差异，与撒施相比，液施土壤硝态氮分布变异程度更低、均匀性更高，其中全程液施的变异系数为0.2~0.6，撒施变异系数较大为0.6~0.7，全程液施硝态氮分布均匀度最高。不同施肥模式对玉米株高和茎粗影响较小，对玉米成熟期各项考种指标影响显著，依据肥料的分布均匀性与增产效益可知，2023年和2024年全程液施玉米的水分利用效率最高分别为2.59 kg·m-3和2.71 kg·m-3，氮肥偏生产力也高于其它处理，分别为51.60 kg·kg-1和51.40 kg·kg-1，全程液施的水肥利用效率最高，是最佳施肥模式。由此得出，液施可提高硝态氮分布均匀性，减少氮素淋失，形成有助于作物根系层高效吸收利用的土壤水氮分布状态，从而得到较高产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore suitable irrigation and fertilization modes for summer maize border irrigation in the Yellow River diversion irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, a field experiment was conducted from 2023 to 2024 in the irrigation district on the south bank of the Yellow River. Two fertilization methods—liquid fertilization and broadcast fertilization—were set up, with a focus on analyzing the effects of different fertilization modes under liquid fertilization (full liquid fertilizer application, first\|half liquid fertilizer application, and second\|half liquid fertilizer application) and broadcast fertilization (traditional fertilization) on soil water\|nitrogen distribution, crop growth dynamics, and water\|fertilizer use efficiency. The results showed that the soil moisture distribution patterns are consistent across different fertilization modes, while the distribution of nitrate nitrogen showed significant variations. Compared with broadcast fertilization, liquid fertilization resulted in lower variability and higher uniformity in nitrate nitrogen distribution. The coefficient of variation for full liquid fertilizer application ranged from 0.2 to 0.6, whereas broadcast fertilization had a higher coefficient of variation (0.6~0.7). Full liquid fertilizer application achieved the highest uniformity in nitrate nitrogen distribution. Different fertilization methods had minimal effects on maize growth indicators such as plant height and stem diameter but significantly influenced yield\|related traits at maturity. Based on fertilizer distribution uniformity and yield\|increasing benefits, in 2023 and 2024, the water use efficiency of corn under full liquid application fertilizer reached 2.59 kg·m-3 and 2.71 kg·m-3 respectively, which were the highest among all treatments. Additionally, the partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer was also higher than other treatments, reaching 51.60 kg·kg-1 and 51.40 kg·kg-1 respectively. Full liquid fertilizer application demonstrated the highest water\|fertilizer use efficiency and was identified as the optimal fertilization mode. It follows that liquid fertilization can improve the uniformity of nitrate nitrogen distribution, reduce nitrogen leaching, and create a soil water\|nitrogen distribution state that facilitates efficient absorption and utilization by the crop root zone, thereby achieving higher yields. |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| | |