| 杨万邦,王晓媛,魏兆辉,杜慧莹,田梅,郭松,岳贞,李好,于蓉.水钾互作对宁夏引黄灌区设施西瓜产量及钾素吸收利用的效应分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,(6):215~222 |
| 水钾互作对宁夏引黄灌区设施西瓜产量及钾素吸收利用的效应分析 |
| Effect analysis of water\|potassium interaction on yield and potassium absorption and utilization of greenhouse\|cultivated watermelon in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.06.21 |
| 中文关键词: 设施西瓜；钾肥 灌水量；叶片叶绿素；果实性状；灌溉水利用效率；产量；品质 |
| 英文关键词:greenhouse\|cultivated watermelon potassium fertilizer irrigation amount chlorophyll of leaves fruit trait irrigation water use eficiency yield quality |
| 基金项目:宁夏农业高质量发展项目（NGSB-2021-7-03,NKYG-22-03）；国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD2300700,2018YFD0201308）；宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金（2022AAC03442）；国家西甜瓜产业技术体系专项（CARS-25） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了筛选适宜宁夏引黄灌区设施栽培西瓜最佳灌水量与施钾肥量组合，设计灌水量（W1: 1 400 m3·hm-2，W2: 1 800 m3·hm-2，W3: 2 200 m3·hm-2）与施钾肥量（K0: 0 kg·hm-2，K1: 80 kg·hm-2，K2: 160 kg·hm-2，K3: 240 kg·hm-2）组合，研究水钾互作对西瓜叶片叶绿素相对含量、果实性状、品质、产量、灌溉水利用效率、养分吸收效果及肥料利用等方面的影响。结果表明：（1）高水高钾处理下设施西瓜叶片叶绿素相对含量更高，W3K3处理叶片SPAD值伸蔓期为49.13、开花坐果期为53.87、膨瓜期为64.96、成熟期为68.20；（2）W2K3、W3K2、W3K3处理下设施西瓜品质较其他处理更优，中心部位可溶性固形物含量比W1K0、W1K1、W2K0处理分别提高0.85~0.94个百分点、0.76~0.85个百分点、0.89~0.98个百分点；（3）W1K3处理下灌溉水利用效果最佳，与除W1K2以外的处理差异均显著，增幅为5.47%~53.78%；W3K1、W3K2、W3K3处理下西瓜增产效果明显，产量分别达到73 309.70、73 906.42、73 975.70 kg·hm-2，与W1K0、W1K1、W1K2、W2K0、W2K1处理间差异显著，增幅分别为5.18%~7.47%、6.04%~8.34%、6.14%~8.45%；（4）W3K3处理钾元素吸收效果最佳，且植株含钾量、植株钾积累量、果实含钾量、果实钾积累量、钾总累积量均最高，增幅分别为5.47%~32.47%、7.02%~54.76%、4.55%~27.93%、4.63%~38.73%、6.12%~48.36%；（5）W3K2、W3K3处理促进钾肥利用，钾肥当季利用率在W3K2处理下最高（15.71%）、其次为W3K3处理（15.42%）；（6）钾肥当季利用率与除总酸指标以外的品质、产量、钾积累量等指标呈显著正相关关系。综上，在宁夏引黄灌区2 200 m3·hm-2灌水量下，配合施钾肥160 kg·hm-2或240 kg·hm-2有助于增强设施西瓜光合作用、促进养分吸收、改善果实品质、提高产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study aimed to screen out the optimal combination of irrigation water volume and potassium fertilizer application amount suitable for watermelons grown in solar greenhouses in Ningxia. The experiment was designed with combinations of the irrigation amount (W1: 1 400 m3·hm-2, W2: 1 800 m3·hm-2, W3: 2 200 m3·hm-2) and the potassium application amount (K0: 0 kg·hm-2, K1: 80 kg·hm-2, K2: 160 kg·hm-2, K3: 240 kg·hm-2), to investigate the effects of water\|potassium interaction on the relative content of chlorophyll, fruit character, quality, yield, irrigation water utilization, nutrient absorption, and fertilizer utilization of watermelon. The results showed that (1) the relative chlorophyll content of watermelon leaves under high water and high potassium treatment was higher. The relative chlorophyll content value of leaves with W3K3 was 49.13 at the vine extension stage, 53.87 at the flowering and fruiting stages, 64.96 at the fruit enlargement stage, and 68.20 at the maturity stage. (2) The quality of watermelon under W2K3, W3K2, and W3K3 treatments was better than that of other treatments. The soluble solids content in the central part increased by 0.85~0.94 percentage points, 0.76~0.85 percentage points, and 0.89~0.98 percentage points, respectively, compared with the W1K0, W1K1, and W2K0 treatments. (3) The effect of irrigation water utilization under W1K3 treatment was the best, which was significantly different from that of other treatments except W1K2, with an increase ranging from 5.47% to 53.78%. The yield of watermelon increased significantly under W3K1, W3K2, and W3K3 treatments, and the yields reached 73 309.70 kg·hm-2, 73 906.42 kg·hm-2, and 73 975.70 kg·hm-2, respectively, which were significantly different from those of W1K0, W1K1, W1K2, W2K0, and W2K1 treatments, and the increases were 5.18%~7.47%, 6.04%~8.34% and 6.14%~8.45%, respectively. (4) The best potassium absorption effect was found in the W3K3 treatment. The potassium content in the plants, the potassium accumulation in the plants, the potassium content in the fruits, the potassium accumulation in the fruits, and the total potassium accumulation all reached the highest levels under the W3K3 treatment, with increases ranging from 5.47% to 32.47%, 7.02% to 54.76%, 4.55% to 27.93%, 4.63% to 38.73%, and 6.12% to 48.36%, respectively. (5) W3K2 and W3K3 treatments were conducive to the utilization of potassium fertilizer. The potassium fertilizer utilization rate in the current season was the highest under the W3K2 treatment (15.71%), followed by the W3K3 treatment (15.42%). (6) The utilization rate of potassium fertilizer in the current season is significantly positively correlated with indicators such as quality, yield, and potassium accumulation, except for the total acid index. In conclusion, irrigating with 2 200 m3·hm-2 water, combined with applying 80 kg·hm-2 and 240 kg·hm-2 of potassium fertilizer, respectively, can help increase photosynthesis in greenhouse\|cultivated watermelons, promote nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization, improve fruit quality, and increase the yield of watermelons. |
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