缓释氮肥配施尿素对冬小麦产量和氮肥利用效率的影响

杜璐宁; 李文净; 王小玲; 钱锐; 陈小莉; 贾志宽; 蔡铁; 任小龙

杜璐宁,李文净,王小玲,钱锐,陈小莉,贾志宽,蔡铁,任小龙.缓释氮肥配施尿素对冬小麦产量和氮肥利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(1):79~90

缓释氮肥配施尿素对冬小麦产量和氮肥利用效率的影响

Effects of slow\|release nitrogen fertilizer with urea on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.09

中文关键词: 缓释肥冬小麦产量氮素积累氮素利用效率

英文关键词:slow\|release fertilizer winter wheat yield nitrogen accumulation nitrogen use efficiency

基金项目:“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900700）；“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD1900503）

作者	单位
杜璐宁	西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌 712100；农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌 712100
李文净	西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌 712100；农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌 712100
王小玲	西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌 712100；农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌 712100
钱锐	西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌 712100；农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌 712100
陈小莉	西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌 712100；农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌 712100
贾志宽	西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌 712100；农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌 712100
蔡铁	西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌 712100；农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌 712100
任小龙	西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌 712100；农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌 712100

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中文摘要:

于2022—2023年和2023—2024年采用双因素随机区组设计，A因素为2种氮肥类型：尿素（U）和缓释肥—尿素7∶3配施（CU）；B因素为5种施氮水平：0 kg·hm^-2（N0，不施氮对照）、75 kg·hm^-2（N75）、150 kg·hm^-2（N150）、225 kg·hm^-2（N225）和300 kg·hm^-2（N300，传统施氮量），共设置9个处理，系统分析氮肥减量下缓释肥—尿素配施对冬小麦生长发育、干物质积累、产量及氮素吸收利用的影响，以期为优化西北旱作农业区氮肥施用技术提供理论依据。结果表明：在传统施氮量300 kg·hm^-2和常规施氮模式（单施尿素）的基础上，适量减氮至225 kg·hm^-2并结合缓释肥—尿素配施的施肥策略，有利于促进冬小麦生长发育，同时可显著提升其产量及氮肥吸收利用效率。相较于传统施氮N300-U处理，N225-CU处理小麦叶面积指数、成熟期氮素积累量、产量和经济效益分别提高2.49%~19.25%、12.55%~20.22%、10.26%~11.50%和16.82%~19.10%。与单施尿素N225-U相比，配施处理N225-CU小麦公顷穗数、穗粒数及千粒重均有所增加，其中产量提高9.13%~9.21%；该处理显著提升了冬小麦的氮肥利用效率，其氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率和氮肥吸收利用率分别平均显著提高19.27%、20.41%和28.82%。综上，在雨养冬小麦的氮肥管理上，适度降低氮肥用量至225 kg·hm^-2，同时采用缓释肥—尿素7∶3配施的施肥模式对于半湿润半干旱地区实现冬小麦减氮增产具有重要意义。

英文摘要:

A two\|factor randomized block design was conducted in the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 seasons. Factor A comprised two nitrogen fertilizer types: urea (U) and slow\|release fertilizer\|urea 7∶3 (CU). Factor B comprised five nitrogen application rates: 0 kg·hm^-2 (N0, no nitrogen application control), 75 kg·hm^-2 (N75), 150 kg·hm^-2 (N150), 225 kg·hm^-2 (N225), and 300 kg·hm^-2 (N300, traditional N application rate). A total of nine treatments were established to systematically analyze the effects of slow\|release fertilizer\|urea combination application under reduced nitrogen fertilizer rates on winter wheat growth and development, dry matter accumulation, yield, and nitrogen uptake and utilization. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing nitrogen fertilizer application technology in arid farming areas of Northwest China. The results showed that, based on the traditional N application rate of 300 kg·hm^-2 and the conventional N application mode (single application of urea), the moderate N reduction to 225 kg·hm^-2and the combination of slow\|release fertilizer\|urea fertilization strategy were conducive to promoting the growth and development of winter wheat, and at the same time, significantly improved its yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency. Compared with the N300-U treatment, the N225-CU treatment increased leaf area index, nitrogen accumulation at maturity, yield and economic benefits of maize by 2.49% to 19.25%, 12.55% to 20.22%, 10.26% to 11.50% and 16.82% to 19.10%, respectively. Compared with the single\|applied urea N225-U, the combined treatment N225-CU showed higher performance in terms of spikes per hectare, number of grains in spikes, and 1000-grain weight, with the yield increased by 9.13% to 9.21%. The N225-CU treatment significantly enhanced nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in winter wheat. Compared to the N225-U treatment, its nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, and nitrogen recovery efficiency increased by 19.27%, 20.41%, and 28.82% on average, respectively. In summary, for nitrogen fertilizer management in rain\|fed winter wheat, moderately reducing nitrogen fertilizer application to 225 kg·hm^-2 while adopting a 7∶3 slow\|release fertilizer\|urea application ratio holds significant importance for achieving nitrogen reduction and yield increase in winter wheat within semi\|humid and semi\|arid regions.

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