减氮及施用生物炭对间作玉米光合特性及产量的影响

王晓丽; 南运有; 李越; 邵娟; 陈寒; 张欢欢; 柴强; 殷文; 胡发龙; 樊志龙

王晓丽,南运有,李越,邵娟,陈寒,张欢欢,柴强,殷文,胡发龙,樊志龙.减氮及施用生物炭对间作玉米光合特性及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(1):103~115

减氮及施用生物炭对间作玉米光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and biochar application on photosynthetic characteristic and yield of intercropped maize

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.11

中文关键词: 玉米‖鲜食豌豆减施氮肥生物炭光合特性产量土壤氮素

英文关键词:maize intercropping fresh peas nitrogen fertilizer reduction biochar photosynthetic characteristics yield soil nitrogen

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700204-04)；国家自然科学基金(32160765)；甘肃省科技重大专项(24ZDNA008)；中央引导地方科技发展资金(23ZYQA0322)

作者	单位
王晓丽	干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
南运有	干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
李越	干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
邵娟	干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
陈寒	干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
张欢欢	干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
柴强	干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
殷文	干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
胡发龙	干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
樊志龙	干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070

摘要点击次数: 723

全文下载次数: 141

中文摘要:

依托2022—2023年在河西绿洲灌区布设的田间裂区试验开展研究，主区为玉米‖鲜食豌豆(IM)和单作玉米(SM)，裂区为地方传统施氮量(N1, 360 kg·hm^-2)、减氮30%(N2, 250 kg·hm^-2)，裂裂区为施用生物炭(C)和不施生物炭，探究了不同处理间玉米叶片净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、冠层覆盖度(CC)、叶片持绿度(SG)和干物质积累量(DMA)的变化规律，同时结合土壤有机碳(SOC)、硝态氮(NO^-₃-N)、铵态氮(NH⁺₄-N)含量，分析了玉米光合特性与籽粒产量(GY)之间的相互关系。结果表明，间作玉米较单作玉米的P_n、T_r、G_s和CC分别显著提高2.6%~4.1%、52.1%~55.1%、8.6%~10.5%和2.1%~2.3%(P<0.05)；减氮30%降低了玉米的P_n、T_r、G_s和CC，降幅分别为4.3%~6.5%、21.5%~28.3%、12.9%~15.6%和22.2%~24.3%，而施用生物炭处理下间作玉米光合指标在N2与N1之间差异均不显著。间作玉米的DMA和GY分别较单作玉米显著提高6.9%~7.9%和18.6%~20.8%(P<0.05)；减氮30%显著降低了玉米DMA和GY，但施用生物炭使玉米的DMA和GY分别显著提高11.3%~19.7%和8.7%~17.5%，并使间作玉米的DMA和GY在N2与N1之间无显著差异。间作玉米带的SOC、NO^-₃-N和NH⁺₄-N含量较单作玉米分别显著增加 5.9%~7.9%、3.1%~7.2%和7.1%~10.8% (P<0.05)，而施用生物炭进一步增加了N2下间作玉米带的SOC、NO^-₃-N和NH⁺₄-N含量，增幅分别为6.4%~7.3%、25.5%~26.8%和27.4%~27.9%，与N1之间差异不显著。在减氮30%条件下，施用生物炭主要通过增加土壤铵态氮含量提高间作玉米冠层覆盖度和叶片持绿度，从而改善叶片光合并增加了干物质积累量，最终提高玉米籽粒产量。因此，在减氮30%及间作鲜食豌豆条件下，施用生物炭可作为干旱绿洲灌区玉米节氮增效的可持续生产模式。

英文摘要:

An experiment was conducted in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Region from 2022 to 2023. The main plots consisted of maize intercropped with fresh peas (IM) and monoculture maize (SM), while the subplots included the local conventional nitrogen application rate (N1, 360 kg·hm^-2) and reduction(30%)in the application rate (N2, 250 kg·hm^-2). The sub\|subplots involved biochar application (C) and no biochar application. The study examined variations in net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s), canopy coverage (CC), leaf stay\|greenness (SG), and dry matter accumulation (DMA) of maize with different treatment. These parameters were analyzed in conjunction with soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrate nitrogen (NO^-₃-N), and ammonium nitrogen (NH⁺₄-N) content to explore the relationships between photosynthetic characteristic and grain yield (GY) of intercropped maize. The results showed that the P_n, T_r, G_s, and CC of intercropping maize were significantly increased by 2.6%-4.1%, 52.1%-55.1%, 8.6%-10.5% and 2.1%-2.3%, respectively, compared with monocropping maize (P<0.05). Nitrogen reduction by 30% reduced the P_n, T_r, G_s, and CC of maize, decreasing by 4.3%-6.5%, 21.5%-28.3%, 12.9%-15.6%, and 22.2%-24.3%, respectively, while the application of biochar made the photosynthetic indexes of intercropping maize not significantly different between N2 and N1. The DMA and GY of intercropping maize were significantly increased by 6.9%-7.9% and 18.6%-20.8% (P<0.05), respectively, compared with monoculture maize. Nitrogen reduction of 30% significantly reduced DMA and GY of maize, but the application of biochar significantly increased DMA and GY of maize by 11.3%-19.7% and 8.7%-17.5%, respectively, and there was no significant difference in DMA and GY between N2 and N1. The contents of SOC, NO^-₃-N and NH⁺₄-N in intercropping maize belt were significantly higher than those in monoculture maize belt (P<0.05), increasing by 5.9%-7.9%,3.1%-7.2%, and 7.1%-10.8%, respectively, while the application of biochar further increased the contents of SOC, NO₃-N, and NH⁺₄-N in the intercropping maize belt under N2, so that there was no significant difference between N2 and N1, with increases of 6.4%-7.3%, 25.5%-26.8%, and 27.4%-27.9%, respectively. The soil NH⁺₄-N content in the intercropped maize strip with reduced 30% nitrogen application was enhanced by biochar application, which subsequently improved canopy coverage and the stay\|green characteristic of intercropped maize. That improvement led to enhanced leaf photosynthetic parameters and increased dry matter accumulation, ultimately resulting in greater grain yield. Therefore, the integrated practice of biochar application in maize intercropped with fresh peas with reduced 30% nitrogen application rate can be recommended as a sustainable production pattern for nitrogen\|efficient maize cultivation in arid oasis irrigation regions.

查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器