梁嘉平,汪国升,何彦名,梁永鸿,杨启良,王海东.不同灌溉方式和施肥水平对土壤养分和三七生理生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(1):126~135
不同灌溉方式和施肥水平对土壤养分和三七生理生长的影响
Effects of different irrigation methods and fertilization levels on soil nutrients and physiological growth of Panax notoginseng
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.13
中文关键词:  三七  灌溉方式  有机肥施用量  土壤养分  根腐病  根系生物量
英文关键词:Panax notoginseng  irrigation methods  organic fertilizer amount  soil nutrients  root rot disease  root biomass
基金项目:云南省基础研究专项优秀青年基金 (202401AW070039)；云南省基础研究专项重大项目（202401BC070042）；云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才专项项目（KKXX202423032）；云南省农业水资源高效利用与智慧管控重点实验室(202449CE340014)
作者单位
梁嘉平 昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,云南 昆明 650500；云南省农业水资源高效利用与智慧管控重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500 
汪国升 昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,云南 昆明 650500；云南省农业水资源高效利用与智慧管控重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500 
何彦名 昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,云南 昆明 650500；云南省农业水资源高效利用与智慧管控重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500 
梁永鸿 昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,云南 昆明 650500；云南省农业水资源高效利用与智慧管控重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500 
杨启良 昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,云南 昆明 650500；云南省农业水资源高效利用与智慧管控重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500 
王海东 昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,云南 昆明 650500；云南省农业水资源高效利用与智慧管控重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500 
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中文摘要:
      为揭示不同灌溉方式和施肥量对土壤养分和三七生理生长的影响机制，提出适宜于三七水肥需求的灌溉施肥策略，以5年生三七为研究对象，设置3种灌溉方式（增氧地下滴灌（OI）、微喷灌（SI）和地表滴灌（DI））和4个有机肥施肥水平（F1：75 kg·hm-2、F2：100 kg·hm-2、F3：125 kg·hm-2和F4：150 kg·hm-2），研究不同灌溉方式和施肥量对土壤养分含量、三七生长指标、叶片光合特性和根腐病发病率的影响。结果表明，OIF4处理有利于根区土壤养分的提升，0~30 cm土层生育期土壤硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量分别较其余处理提高8.7%~55.9%、14.5%~51.9%、1.2%~34.6%、2.2%~29.4%；SIF3处理有利于三七生长和光合特性提升，株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、净光合速率（Pn）、叶片气孔导度（Gs）、叶片蒸腾速率（Tr）分别较其他处理增加30.04%~47.21%、39.06%~60.77%、9.19%~22.29%、15.51%~26.29%、35.59%~52.99%、131.54%~190.16%、17.06%~21.71%。OIF3处理下三七苗期、花期和果期的根腐病发病率最低，分别为5.72%、7.98%和9.07%；且其苗期、花期和果期的单株根鲜质量和干质量最大，分别较其余处理提高10.2%~50.3%和21.8%~63.2%。综上可知，增氧地下滴灌+有机肥施用量125 kg·hm-2为降低三七根腐病发病率，同时促进三七根系生长的最佳灌溉方式和有机肥施用量组合。
英文摘要:
      This study aimed to reveal the mechanisms by which different irrigation methods and fertilization amounts affect soil nutrients and the physiological growth of Panax notoginseng, and proposes an irrigation and fertilization strategy tailored to the water and fertilizer requirements of P. notoginseng. Five\|year\|old P. notoginseng plants were selected as the study subjects. Three irrigation methods of oxygenated subsurface drip irrigation (OI), micro\|sprinkler irrigation (SI), and drip irrigation (DI) of and four organic fertilizer application levels (F1: 75 kg·hm-2, F2: 100 kg·hm-2, F3: 125 kg·hm-2, and F4: 150 kg·hm-2) were designed to explore the effects of different irrigation methods and organic fertilizer application levels on soil nutrient content, growth index, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, and the incidence of root rot of P. notoginseng. The results showed that OIF4 treatment was beneficial to the improvement of soil nutrients in the root zone. Compared to other treatments, the contents of nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter in the 0-30 cm soil layer increased by 8.7% to 55.9%, 14.5% to 51.9%, 1.2% to 34.6%, and 2.2% to 29.4% during the growth period, respectively. The SIF3 treatment was beneficial to the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of P. notoginseng. Compared to other treatments, plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) increased by 30.04% to 47.21%, 39.06% to 60.77%, 9.19% to 22.29%, 15.51% to 26.29%, 35.59% to 52.99%, 131.54% to 190.16%, and 17.06% to 21.71%, respectively. Under OIF3 treatment, the incidence rate of root rot disease in P. notoginseng at the seedling, flowering, and fruiting stages was the lowest, which were 5.72%, 7.98%, and 9.07%, respectively. Compared to other treatments, the fresh and dry root masses of individual plants in the OIF3 treatment at the seedling, flowering, and fruiting stages were the highest and increased by 10.2% to 50.3% and 21.8% to 63.2%, respectively. In summary, the oxygenated subsurface drip irrigation (OI) and organic fertilizer of 125 kg·hm-2 combination was recommended as the optimal strategy for reducing root rot incidence and enhancing root growth in P. notoginseng.
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