红壤丘陵区脐橙种植年限对土壤理化性质的影响

胡优; 汤崇军; 朱瑾瑾; 刘宇

胡优,汤崇军,朱瑾瑾,刘宇.红壤丘陵区脐橙种植年限对土壤理化性质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(1):136~146

红壤丘陵区脐橙种植年限对土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of planting years of navel orange on soil physical and chemical properties in red soil hilly regions

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.14

中文关键词: 脐橙种植年限土壤养分土壤酸化红壤丘陵区

英文关键词:navel oranges orchard age soil nutrients soil acidification red soil hilly region

基金项目:江西省“科技+水利”联合计划（2022KSG01010）；江西省自然科学基金（20224BAB214078）

作者	单位
胡优	江西省水利科学院,江西南昌 330029；江西省鄱阳湖流域生态水利技术创新中心,江西南昌 330029；流域水土保持江西省重点实验室,江西南昌 330029
汤崇军	江西省水利科学院,江西南昌 330029；江西省鄱阳湖流域生态水利技术创新中心,江西南昌 330029；流域水土保持江西省重点实验室,江西南昌 330029
朱瑾瑾	江西省水利科学院,江西南昌 330029；江西省鄱阳湖流域生态水利技术创新中心,江西南昌 330029；流域水土保持江西省重点实验室,江西南昌 330029
刘宇	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

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中文摘要:

为系统阐明果园种植年限对红壤丘陵区土壤理化性质的影响规律，以江西省兴国县方太流域为研究区，选取种植年限分别为3年（3 a）、5年（5 a）和7年（7 a）的脐橙果园，并以邻近天然林地作为对照，通过0～100 cm土层分层取样，分析不同年限果园土壤pH、有机质（OM）、有机碳（OC）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）、全钾（TK）、铵态氮（NH⁺₄-N）、硝态氮（NO^-₃-N）、速效磷（AP）、速效钾（AK）及颗粒组成等指标的变化特征。结果表明：（1）林地土壤pH值随土层深度增加而升高，而果园土壤pH值则呈下降趋势，5 a果园深层（0.7～1.0 m）土壤酸化最为显著，果园管理阶段存在深层酸化风险；（2）随着种植年限增长，7 a果园表层（0～0.1 m）土壤OM、OC、TN、TP和AP显著富集，其含量为林地的1.77倍～70.94倍，且深层土壤NO^-₃-N和AK含量显著升高，存在养分下移与淋溶加剧的风险；（3）不同年限果园土壤颗粒组成变化不显著，但粘粒含量随年限增加略有恢复，砂粒含量逐步降低，长期种植有助于改善土壤结构稳定性。因此，长期果园管理促进了土壤表层养分积累与土壤结构恢复，但同时引发深层酸化和氮素淋溶风险。为实现红壤丘陵区果园的可持续利用，应在果园不同发育阶段实施分层化土壤管理策略，优化施肥与灌溉制度，并加强水土保持与改良措施，以提升土壤质量与生态安全。

英文摘要:

To systematically clarify the influence of navel orange orchard planting duration on soil physicochemical properties of red soil hilly region, this study was conducted in the Fangtai Watershed of Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province. Orchards with planting durations of 3 years (3 a), 5 years (5 a), and 7 years (7 a) were selected, with adjacent natural forest land serving as a control. Through stratified sampling of the 0-100 cm soil layer, variations in soil pH, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), ammonium nitrogen (NH⁺₄-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO^-₃-N), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and particle size composition in orchards of different durations were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Soil pH value in woodland increased with the increase of soil depth, while it decreased in orchards, with the most significant acidification observed in the deep soil layer (0.7-1.0 m) of 5 a orchards, indicating a risk of deep\|layer acidification during the orchard management phase. (2) With increasing planting duration, OM, OC, TN, TP, and AP contents were significantly enriched in the surface soil (0-0.1 m) of 7 a orchards, reaching 1.77 to 70.94 times the levels in woodland, while NO^-₃-N and AK contents significantly increased in deep soil, indicating risks of nutrient leaching and downward movement. (3) Although changes in soil particle size composition across different orchard ages were not significant, clay content showed slight recovery with increasing planting duration, and sand content gradually decreased, suggesting that long\|term cultivation is conducive to improving soil structure stability. The study demonstrates that long\|term orchard management promotes soil surface nutrient accumulation and soil structure recovery but also triggers risks of deep\|layer acidification and nitrogen leaching. To achieve sustainable orchard utilization in the red soil hilly region, stratified soil management strategies should be implemented at different developmental stages, including optimized fertilization and irrigation systems, along with enhanced soil and water conservation and improvement measures, to enhance soil quality and ecological security.

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