| 冯宗鹏,马乐正,罗珠珠,董博,赵小强,牛伊宁.种植密度对间作玉米生长、抗氧化酶活性及产量品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(1):147~156 |
| 种植密度对间作玉米生长、抗氧化酶活性及产量品质的影响 |
| Effects of planting density on the growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, yield and quality of intercropped maize |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.15 |
| 中文关键词: 间作玉米 种植密度 抗氧化酶活性 产量 品质 间作优势 |
| 英文关键词:intercropping maize planting density antioxidant enzymes activity yield quality intercropping advantages |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(32160526)；甘肃省科技计划项目（24JRRA841，24JDRA001） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以玉米单作（MM）处理为对照，设置5.25（M1）、6.75（M2）、7.50（M3）、8.25万株·hm-2（M4）4种间作玉米种植密度，于2023—2024年在黄土高原雨养农业区开展玉米大豆间作试验，探究不同种植密度对玉米生长、抗氧化酶活性及产量品质的影响。结果表明：与单作相比，间作降低了玉米株高（降幅1.80%~6.51%）和茎粗（降幅10.16%~12.68%），显著提高了玉米叶面积指数（增幅15.59%~26.10%）；各处理玉米叶片中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性在玉米吐丝期最高，M3处理的POD活性与MM处理差异不显著；间作处理M3的玉米籽粒产量较单作提高15.4%，达到10 002.63 kg·hm-2，但穗行数和行粒数分别较单作降低3.71%和8.38%。增加种植密度显著提高了玉米籽粒中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、淀粉产量和粗灰分产量，其中M3处理表现较优，较其余间作处理分别提高18.17%~21.24%、22.94%~29.97%、17.50%~28.63%和19.12%~25.52%。综合玉米籽粒产量和品质的主成分（PCA）分析结果发现，PC1和PC2共同解释了不同处理结果98.5%以上的变异，间作处理M3在两年中均与其他处理差异明显，两年土地当量比分别为1.70和1.21，种间竞争力分别为1.17和0.76，均优于其他间作处理。采用玉米与大豆4∶2间作种植+7.50万株·hm-2玉米种植密度模式可协调玉米个体与群体的生长发育关系，提高玉米籽粒的粗脂肪产量和淀粉产量，提升间作系统的综合生产优势，可在陇东黄土高原及类似生态区推广应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| With maize monoculture treatment (MM) as a control, a maize\|soybean intercropping experiment was conducted in the rain\|fed agricultural area of the Longdong Loess Plateau from 2023 to 2024, and four intercropping maize planting densities of 52 500 (M1), 67 500 (M2), 75 000 (M3), and 82 500 plants·hm-2 (M4) were created in the field. The aim of the study was to explore the effects of different planting densities on maize growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, yield, and quality. The results showed that compared with monoculture, intercropping reduced the plant height (by 1.80% to 6.51%) and stem thickness (by 10.16% to 12.68%) of maize, and significantly increased LAI (by 15.59% to 26.10%). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in maize leaves were the highest during the silking stage of each treatment, while the POD enzyme activity in M3 treatment was not significantly different from that in MM treatment. The intercropping treatment increased the grain yield of M3 maize by 15.4% compared to monoculture, reaching 10 002.63 kg·hm-2. However, the number of rows per spike and the number of kernels per row decreased by 3.71% and 8.38%, respectively, compared to monoculture. Increasing planting density significantly increased the yield of crude protein, crude fat, starch, and crude ash in maize kernels, with the M3 treatment showing better performance, increasing by 18.17% to 21.24%, 22.94% to 29.97%, 17.50% to 28.63%, and 19.12% to 25.52% compared to other intercropping treatments, respectively. The PCA analysis of maize grain yield and quality showed that PC1 and PC2 jointly explained more than 98.5% of the variation in different treatments. The intercropping treatment M3 showed significant differences from other treatments in both years, with land equivalent ratios of 1.70 and 1.21, and interspecific competitiveness of 1.17 and 0.76, respectively, which were better than other intercropping treatments. Adopting a 4∶2 intercropping of maize and soybeans, selecting a planting density pattern of 75 000 plants·hm-2 can coordinate the growth and development relationship between maize individuals and populations, increase the crude fat yield and starch yield of maize kernels, and enhance the comprehensive production advantages of the maize\|soybean intercropping system. The results of this study can be popularized and applied in the Longdong Loess Plateau and similar ecological areas. |
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