杨军生,樊晓琴,谭雪莲,孙振才,许亮,古丽再努尔·玉山,刘晓伟,高江龙,任重元.不同类型地膜覆盖对制种玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(1):157~165
不同类型地膜覆盖对制种玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响
Effects of different types of film mulching on yield and water use efficiency of seed production maize
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.16
中文关键词:  地膜覆盖  生物降解膜  制种玉米  土壤水热效应  水分利用效率  产量
英文关键词:film mulching  biodegradable film  seed production maize  soil hydrothermal effect  water use efficiency  yield
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2Q24XED23002Q190)；甘肃省研产融合科技攻关赋能计划（25FNNA003-2-1）；国家自然科学基金(32260550)；玉米关键栽培技术研发团队引进项目(NNSZZRX2021-02)
作者单位
杨军生 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃 兰州 730070 
樊晓琴 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院作物研究所,新疆 昌吉 831100 
谭雪莲 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃 兰州 730070；甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070 
孙振才 中国农业大学农学院,北京 100010 
许亮 新疆好日子种业股份有限公司,新疆 昌吉 831100 
古丽再努尔·玉山 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院作物研究所,新疆 昌吉 831100 
刘晓伟 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070 
高江龙 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院作物研究所,新疆 昌吉 831100 
任重元 新疆好日子种业股份有限公司,新疆 昌吉 831100 
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中文摘要:
      为探究不同颜色降解膜覆盖对制种玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响，于2024年在新疆维吾尔自治区开展田间试验，共设5个处理：白色普通地膜（CK）、黑色普通地膜（BP）、黑色生物降解膜（BD）、白色生物降解膜（WD）和白色生物降解膜+膜上覆土（WDC），对比分析5种不同地膜覆盖处理对土壤水分、温度、制种玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，玉米各生育时期土壤水分含量表现为BP>BD>WDC>WD>CK，其中BP和BD的保水效果尤为突出。全生育期CK的土壤温度最高，其全天土壤平均温度比其他处理高0.2～2.0℃；BP和BD处理土壤温度次之。WD处理白天土壤温度较BD提高0.1～0.7℃；但其夜间保温效果减弱，较BD降低0.2～0.8℃。与CK相比，BP处理的产量增加16.64%，水分利用效率提高19.01%；在降解膜覆盖条件下，BD处理较CK增产6.96%，水分利用效率较CK显著提高12.42%；WD和WDC处理的产量和水分利用效率与CK间无显著差异。可见，与白色普通地膜相比，黑色普通地膜覆盖显著提升了制种玉米的产量和水分利用效率，而黑色降解膜、白色降解膜覆盖处理在产量上无显著变化。
英文摘要:
      This study aimed to investigate the effects of different colored degradable film mulching on yield and water use efficiency of seed production maize. The experiment was set up in Xinjiang in 2024 with five treatments: white normal film (CK), black normal film (BP), black biodegradable film (BD), white biodegradable film (WD), and white biodegradable film + topsoil covering (WDC). The effects of five different mulch treatments on soil moisture, temperature, yield and water\|use efficiency of seed production maize were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that across all growth stages, soil water content exhibited the following pattern: BP>BD>WDC>WD>CK, with BP and BD demonstrating particularly outstanding water retention capabilities. Soil temperature under the CK during the whole grwoth period was the hightest, and its daily average soil temperature was 0.2-2.0℃ higher than that under other treatments, followed by BP and BD treatments. Soil temperature under the WD treatment were 0.1-0.7℃ higher than that under BD during daylight hours, but the effects of thermal retention were weakened at night. Soil temperature of WD was 0.2-0.8℃ lower than that of BD. Compared with the CK, the BP treatment yielded a 16.64% increase in crop production and a 19.01% improvement in water use efficiency. Under degraded film mulch conditions, the BD treatment achieved a 6.96% higher yield than the CK treatment, with water use efficiency significantly enhanced by 12.42%. There was no significant difference in yield or water use efficiency between the WD and WDC treatments and the CK treatment. It is evident that, compared with white normal film, black normal film significantly enhanced both seed maize yield and water use efficiency. However, black biodegradable film and white biodegradable film showed no significant difference in yield compared with standard white normal film.
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