赵绮志,尹嘉德,谢军红,侯慧芝,袁俊秀,梁进宇,王硕.减氮配施有机肥对旱作覆膜春小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(1):166~177
减氮配施有机肥对旱作覆膜春小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响
Effects of reduced nitrogen combined with organic fertilizer on yield and water use efficiency of mulched spring wheat in dryland farming
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.17
中文关键词:  春小麦  有机无机肥配施  水分利用效率  耗水特征  产量
英文关键词:spring wheat  combination application of organic and inorganic fertilizers  water use efficiency  water consumption characteristics  yield
基金项目:甘肃省科技计划项目(23JRRA1340，24JRRA731)；甘肃省2023年度陇原青年创新创业人才（团队）项目（2023LQTD37）
作者单位
赵绮志 甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070；农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070 
尹嘉德 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070；甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070；农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070 
谢军红 甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070 
侯慧芝 甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070；甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070；甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070；农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070 
袁俊秀 甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070；农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070 
梁进宇 甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070；农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070 
王硕 甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070；农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070 
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中文摘要:
      针对黄土高原半干旱区春小麦施肥不科学造成作物水分利用效率不高的实际问题，于2023—2024年在甘肃省农业科学院定西试验站开展大田试验，供试春小麦品种为‘陇春35号’，共设4个试验处理：低量氮肥140 kg·hm-2（L）、高量氮肥210 kg·hm-2（H）、有机肥30 000 kg·hm-2+低量氮肥140 kg·hm-2（ML）和有机肥30 000 kg·hm-2+高量氮肥210 kg·hm-2（MH），通过测定关键生育时期土壤含水量、干物质积累量、叶片SPAD值、籽粒产量及其构成要素，计算土壤贮水量、阶段耗水量、耗水模系数和水分利用效率（WUE），分析不同施肥模式下春小麦农田土壤水分时空差异，明确耗水特征，解析产量与耗水特性的相关关系。结果表明，配施有机肥提高了春小麦各生育时期叶片SPAD值，促进了干物质积累，且主要是通过增加穗数提高籽粒产量；与L处理相比，MH和ML处理的公顷穗数分别平均增加12.5%和9.4%，籽粒产量分别平均增加22.9%和18.1%；与H处理相比，MH处理的公顷穗数和产量分别平均增加5.0%和9.8%，ML和MH处理间产量无显著差异。配施有机肥处理的总产值较单施化肥处理增加8.4%~27.2%。MH处理增加了春小麦生育期耗水量，但通过产量的增加使WUE分别较L和H处理平均提高2.6%和7.3%；ML处理在降低春小麦耗水量同时显著增加产量，进而使WUE分别较L和H处理平均提高9.2%和12.3%；ML较MH处理WUE平均增加2.1%。综上，140 kg·hm-2氮肥配施30 000 kg·hm-2有机肥（ML）在提升产量和水分利用效率方面效果显著，经济效益也具有明显优势，可作为陇中旱作区覆膜春小麦生产中推荐的施肥模式。
英文摘要:
      To address the issue of low water use efficiency (WUE) in spring wheat production caused by inappropriate fertilization practices in the semi\|arid region of the Loess Plateau,a field plot experiment was conducted at the Dingxi Experimental Station of the Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2023 to 2024. The tested spring wheat variety was ‘Longchun 35’. Four fertilization treatments were established: low nitrogen application (120 kg·hm-2, L), high nitrogen application (210 kg·hm-2, H), organic fertilizer combined with low nitrogen (30,000 kg·hm-2 + 120 kg·hm-2, ML), and organic fertilizer combined with high nitrogen (30 000 kg·hm-2 + 210 kg·hm-2, MH). Measurements were taken for soil water content (0-200 cm), dry matter accumulation, leaf SPAD values, grain yield, and its components at key growth stages. Soil water storage, stage water consumption, water consumption modulus coefficient, and WUE were calculated. The spatiotemporal dynamics of soil moisture and water consumption characteristics under different fertilization regimes were analyzed, and the relationship between yield and water consumption was examined. The results showed that organic fertilizer application improved leaf SPAD values and promoted dry matter accumulation, primarily increasing spike number and thus enhancing grain yield. Compared to the L treatment, MH and ML increased spike number per hectare by 12.5% and 9.4%, and grain yield by 22.9% and 18.1%, respectively. Compared to the H treatment, MH treatment increased spike number per hectare and yield by 5.0% and 9.8%, while no significant yield difference was observed between ML and MH. The total output value of treatments with organic fertilizer was 8.4% to 27.2% higher than those with chemical fertilizer alone. The MH treatment increased the water consumption during the growth period of spring wheat. However, through the increase in yield, the WUE increased by an average of 2.6% and 7.3%, respectively, compared with the L and H treatments. The ML treatment significantly increased the yield while reducing the water consumption of spring wheat, thereby increasing the WUE by an average of 9.2% and 12.3%, respectively, compared with the L and H treatments. ML increased WUE by an average of 2.1% compared with MH. In conclusion, the combined application of 140 kg·hm-2 nitrogen fertilizer and 30 000 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer exerted a significant effect on increasing yield and water use efficiency, and also presented distinct advantages in economic benefit. It can be recommended [JP3]as a fertilization model for the production of mulched spring wheat in the dryland farming area of central Gansu.
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