张增成,蒋贵菊,顾嘉诚,李士强,李鲁华,王家平.不同耕作方式对旱区玉米农田土壤团聚体有机碳和无机碳的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(1):178~188
不同耕作方式对旱区玉米农田土壤团聚体有机碳和无机碳的影响
Effects of different tillage methods on soil aggregate organic carbon and inorganic carbon of maize farmland in arid regions
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.18
中文关键词:  耕作方式  旱区农田  土壤团聚体  有机碳  无机碳
英文关键词:tillage methods  farmland in arid areas  soil aggregates  organic carbon  inorganic carbon
基金项目:2025兵团科普发展专项“博乐玉米小院科技赋能与社会服务计划”（S2025H41459）
作者单位
张增成 石河子大学农学院,新疆 石河子 832003； 石河子大学新疆博乐玉米科技小院,新疆 博乐 833400 
蒋贵菊 石河子大学新疆博乐玉米科技小院,新疆 博乐 833400；博乐市农业农村机械化发展服务中心,新疆 博乐 833400 
顾嘉诚 石河子大学农学院,新疆 石河子 832003； 石河子大学新疆博乐玉米科技小院,新疆 博乐 833400 
李士强 石河子大学农学院,新疆 石河子 832003； 石河子大学新疆博乐玉米科技小院,新疆 博乐 833400 
李鲁华 石河子大学农学院,新疆 石河子 832003； 石河子大学新疆博乐玉米科技小院,新疆 博乐 833400 
王家平 石河子大学农学院,新疆 石河子 832003； 石河子大学新疆博乐玉米科技小院,新疆 博乐 833400 
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中文摘要:
      为探究不同耕作模式对干旱区农田土壤有机碳和无机碳含量的影响，并为优化保护性耕作下的土壤团聚体碳固持提供理论支撑，于2022—2024年开展春玉米田间定位试验，设置裸播（BT）、地膜（CT）、免耕（NT）和浅耕（ST）4种耕作处理，分析不同土层各粒径团聚体含量及其有机碳和无机碳分布特征。结果表明：（1）2024年，与BT相比，ST处理0~20 cm土层>2 mm粒径团聚体百分含量增加24.7%，CT、NT和ST处理<0.25 mm粒径团聚体百分含量分别减少1.2%、0.8%和96.4%。（2）2022—2024年，与BT和CT相比，ST处理0~20 cm土层>2 mm粒径团聚体有机碳含量增幅分别为82.1%~115.2%和92.1%~132.6%，1~2 mm粒径团聚体有机碳含量增幅分别为16.7%~35.6%和72.3%~88.2%；土壤团聚体有机碳主要集中在>2 mm粒径的团聚体内，地膜处理土壤团聚体有机碳含量随种植年限增加逐渐下降，降幅为21.3%~45.5%。（3）2024年地膜处理的土壤无机碳含量相较于2022年减小22.3%，土壤团聚体无机碳含量在各粒径内无明显差异；2022—2024年，ST相较于BT处理显著增加了0~60 cm土层土壤无机碳含量，增幅为10.2%~93.6%。（4）2024年，ST相较于其余3个处理0~60 cm土层土壤团聚体几何平均直径(GMD)分别显著增加8.6%~17.9%、12.5%~32.8%和8.6%~17.9%，平均重量直径(MWD)分别显著增加5.7%~11.6%、7.5%~16.9%和5.9%~11.6%。综上可知，浅耕处理有助于提升土壤有机碳含量，土壤团聚体的稳定性更好，团聚体有机碳积累量更高，可作为优化旱区玉米农田理化性状的推荐措施。
英文摘要:
      To investigate the effects of different tillage practices on soil organic and inorganic carbon contents in arid farmland and to provide theoretical support for optimizing carbon sequestration in soil aggregates under conservation tillage, a fixed\|site field experiment with spring maize was conducted from 2022 to 2024. Four tillage treatments were established: bare tillage (BT), plastic film mulching (CT), no\|tillage (NT), and shallow tillage (ST). The distribution characteristics of different soil aggregate fractions and their organic and inorganic carbon contents across soil layers were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) In 2024, compared with BT, the ST treatment increased the percentage of >2 mm aggregates in the 0-20 cm layer by 24.7%, while CT, NT, and ST reduced the percentage of <0.25 mm aggregates by 1.2%, 0.8%, and 96.4%, respectively. (2) From 2022 to 2024, in the 0-20 cm layer, the ST treatment increased the organic carbon content in >2 mm aggregates by 82.1% to 115.2%, and 92.1% to 132.6% compared with BT and CT, respectively, and increased that in 1-2 mm aggregates by 16.7% to 35.6%, and 72.3% to 88.2%, respectively. Soil aggregate organic carbon was mainly concentrated in the >2 mm fraction. Under film mulching, aggregate organic carbon content gradually decreased over the experimental years, with a reduction of 21.3% to 45.5%. (3) In 2024, the soil inorganic carbon content under CT decreased by 22.3% compared to that in 2022, with no significant differences in soil aggregate inorganic carbon content across aggregate size fractions. From 2022 to 2024, in the 0-60 cm layer, the ST treatment significantly increased soil inorganic carbon content by 10.2% to 93.6% compared to the BT treatment. (4) In 2024, compared with the other three treatments, ST treatment significantly increased the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil aggregate by 8.6% to 17.9%, 12.5% to 32.8%, and 8.6% to 17.9%, and the mean weight diameter (MWD) by 5.7% to 11.6%, 7.5% to 16.9%, and 5.9% to 11.6% of 0-60 cm soil layer. In summary, shallow tillage is conducive to improving soil organic carbon content, enhances aggregate stability, and promotes organic carbon accumulation within aggregates. It can be recommended as an effective practice for optimizing the physicochemical properties of maize farmland in arid regions.
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