| 牛瑛,杨彩红,程生煜.耕作方式和生物炭添加对荒漠绿洲农田土壤有机碳组分和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(1):189~198 |
| 耕作方式和生物炭添加对荒漠绿洲农田土壤有机碳组分和产量的影响 |
| Effects of tillage practices and biochar amendment on soil organic carbon fractions and crop yield in a desert oasis farmland |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.19 |
| 中文关键词: 耕作方式 生物炭 土壤有机碳组分 土壤物理性质 玉米产量 荒漠绿洲 |
| 英文关键词:tillage methods biochar application soil organic carbon fractions soil physical properties maize yield desert oasis |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41561062，41867013） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于10 a田间定位试验，以民勤荒漠绿洲淤灌土为研究对象，设置4种耕作方式（TN：免耕，TM：少耕，TF：深耕，TS：深松）和4个梯度生物炭添加量（0、5、10、15 t·hm-2），共16个处理，测定土壤物理性质（容重、孔隙度）、有机碳（SOC）及其各组分（颗粒有机碳POC、可溶性有机碳DOC、微生物量碳MBC）含量以及玉米产量的变化，系统分析不同耕作方式与生物炭添加的协同效应对土壤有机碳含量及其组分和作物产量的影响，旨在为干旱区农田耕作制度和碳管理措施的改善提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）土壤有机碳及各组分（SOC、POC、DOC、MBC）含量均随土层加深逐渐降低，随生物炭添加量增加而增加。（2）不同耕作方式与生物炭添加优化了土壤物理结构，表现为土壤容重降低，总孔隙度提高，其中TS+15 t·hm-2处理效果最显著，较TS+0 t·hm-2处理容重降低20.01%，总孔隙度提高9.49%。（3）0~20 cm土层，TF+15 t·hm-2处理对SOC、SOCs和POC的提升最显著，分别较TF+0 t·hm-2处理增加63.05%、36.74%、154.14%，而TS+15 t·hm-2处理对DOC、MBC的促进效果最优；20~40 cm土层，TS+15 t·hm-2处理有利于SOC和DOC的积累，TM+15 t·hm-2则更利于POC和MBC的形成。（4）玉米产量在TS+15 t·hm-2处理下较TS+0 t·hm-2处理提高43.23%。综上可知，深松配合生物炭添加量15 t·hm-2，既能改善荒漠绿洲区土壤肥力与土壤活性有机碳组分，又能保障玉米高产优质。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study was based on a 10-year long\|term field experiment conducted on warp\|irrigated desert oasis soil in Minqin. It systematically analyzed the synergistic effects of different tillage practices and biochar amendment on soil organic carbon (SOC) content, its fractions, and crop yield. The experimental design included four tillage methods — no\|till (TN), minimal tillage (TM), deep tillage (TF), and subsoiling (TS) — and four biochar application rates (0, 5, 10 t·hm-2, and 15 t·hm-2), resulting in 16 treatments. Key measurements included soil physical properties (bulk density, porosity), SOC content and its fractions (particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC)), as well as maize yield. The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for improving tillage systems and carbon management practices for arid region farmland. The results showed that: (1) Across different soil layers, SOC content and all its measured fractions (SOC, POC, DOC, and MBC) decreased with increasing soil depth but increased with higher biochar application rates. (2) The combined application of tillage and biochar improved soil physical structure, manifested by reduced bulk density and increased total porosity. The most significant improvement was observed under the TS+15 t·hm-2 treatment, which decreased bulk density by 20.01% and increased total porosity by 9.49%,compared with TS+0 t·hm-2 treatment. (3) In the 0-20 cm layer, the TF+15 t·hm-2 treatment most significantly enhanced SOC, SOCs, and POC, showing increases of 63.05%, 36.74%, and 154.14%, respectively, compared to TF+0 t·hm-2 treatment. In contrast, the TS+15 t·hm-2 treatment was most effective in promoting DOC and MBC. In the 20-40 cm layer, the TS+15 t·hm-2 treatment favored the accumulation of SOC and DOC, while the TM+15 t·hm-2 treatment was more conducive to the formation of POC and MBC. (4) Maize yield increased by 43.23% under the TS+15 t·hm-2 treatment compared to TS+0 t·hm-2. In conclusion, the combination of subsoiling with a biochar application rate of 15 t·hm-2 not only improves soil fertility and active organic carbon components in the desert oasis region, but also ensures high and quality maize production. |
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