| 姜博,马光恕,尚耘竹,朱广亮,王佳彤,李梅,廉华.不同栽培制度下有机肥配施木霉菌对甜瓜产量和品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(1):199~207 |
| 不同栽培制度下有机肥配施木霉菌对甜瓜产量和品质的影响 |
| Effects of organic fertilizer combined with Trichoderma spp. on the yield and quality of melon under different cultivation systems |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.20 |
| 中文关键词: 甜瓜 长枝木霉 有机肥 栽培制度 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词:melon Trichoderma longibrachiatum organic fertilizer cultivation system yield quality |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFD1002000-02） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确不同栽培制度下有机肥与木霉菌对甜瓜产量和品质的影响，以‘龙甜一号’甜瓜为试材，采用三因素裂裂区设计，主区为轮作和连作两种栽培制度，裂区分别为3 000、6 000、9 000 kg·hm-2 共3个有机肥施用量，裂裂区分别为4.0×104、2.0×105、1.0×106 cfu·g-1共3个木霉菌施用量。结果表明：栽培制度（A）、有机肥（B）与木霉菌（C）对甜瓜生理指标、产量构成指标、果实品质指标均存在显著或极显著影响。在生理指标上，A×B对叶片硝态氮、脯氨酸含量存在显著影响，A×C对叶片叶绿素含量存在显著影响，B×C对叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖含量均存在显著或极显著影响；在产量及其构成指标上，A×C对果实纵径、单果质量和实测产量均存在极显著影响，B×C对果实横径、果实纵径均存在极显著影响；在品质指标上，B×C对果实可溶性糖、还原糖和可溶性固形物含量均存在显著或极显著影响。轮作栽培模式对甜瓜生理指标（硝态氮除外）、产量构成指标和品质指标的影响均显著高于连作栽培模式，叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及脯氨酸含量分别增加0.62%、2.45%、3.61%和7.95%，硝态氮含量则降低9.94%；果实横径、纵径、单果质量及实测产量分别增加3.19%、4.02%、2.00%和1.83%；果实可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、蔗糖、还原糖及可溶性固形物含量分别增加3.09%、3.36%、2.27%、4.09%和2.99%。相同栽培制度下甜瓜生理指标（硝态氮含量除外）、产量及其构成因素、品质指标均表现为B3＞B2＞B1，硝态氮含量则表现为B3＜B2＜B1。而在相同栽培制度及相同有机肥施用量下，甜瓜生理指标（硝态氮含量除外）、产量及其构成因素、品质指标均表现为C2＞C3＞C1，硝态氮含量则表现为C2＜C3＜C1。轮作栽培制度（A1）下，有机肥（9 000 kg · hm-2，B3）配施长枝木霉（2.0×105 cfu·g-1，C2）处理的甜瓜生理、果实品质及产量构成表现最佳，实测产量达到63.51 t· hm-2。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The ‘Longtian No.1’ melon was utilized as the test material to elucidate the effects of Trichoderma longibrachiatum and organic fertilizers on the production and quality of melon under various growth regimes. The experiment used two cultivation systems—continuous cropping and rotation—as the primary zones in a three-factor split-zone design. There were three different rates of applying organic fertilizer (3 000 kg·hm-2, 6 000 kg·hm-2, and 9 000 kg·hm-2) and three rates of applying Trichoderma longibrachiatum (4.0×104 cfu·g-1, 2.0×105 cfu·g-1, and 1.0×104 cfu·g-1). The results showed that the cultivation system (A), organic fertilizer (B), and Trichoderma longibrachiatum (C) all exerted significant or extremely significant effects on the physiological indicators, yield composition indicators, and fruit quality indicators of melon. In terms of physiological indicators, A×B had a significant effect on the contents of nitrate nitrogen and proline in leaves, A×C had significant effect on the contents of chlorophyll in leaves, and B×C had significant or extremely significant effect on the contents of chlorophyll and soluble sugar content in leaves. In terms of yield and composition indicators, A×C had a highly significant effect on fruit longitudinal diameter, single fruit mass, and measured yield, B×C had a highly significant effect on fruit transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter. In terms of quality indicators, B×C had significant or extremely significant effects on the contents of soluble sugar, reducing sugar, and soluble solids in fruits. Crop rotation cultivation mode had a much greater impact on physiological indicators (excluding nitrate nitrogen) of melon, yield composition indicators, and quality indicators than continuous cropping cultivation mode. The contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and proline increased by 0.62%, 2.45%, 3.61%, and 7.95%, respectively, while nitrate nitrogen content in leaves decreased by 9.94%. Transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter of fruit, single fruit mass, and measured yield all increased by 3.19%, 4.02%, 2.00%, and 1.83%, respectively. The contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, sucrose, reducing sugar, and soluble solids in the fruit increased by 3.09%, 3.36%, 2.27%, 4.09%, and 2.99%, respectively. Under the same cultivation system, physiological indicators (apart from nitrate nitrogen content), yield and composition indicators, and quality indicators of melon all displayed B3>B2>B1, however the nitrate nitrogen content displayed B3C3>C1, however, the nitrate nitrogen content showed C2-2,B3) and Trichoderma longibrachiatum (2.0×105 cfu· g-1, C2) under the crop rotation cultivation system (A1), with a measured yield of 63.51 t·hm-2. |
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