| 张宏基,董勤各,冯浩,舒方瑜,王建平.有机物料替代化肥对黄土高原新造耕地土壤水肥及春玉米产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(1):219~231 |
| 有机物料替代化肥对黄土高原新造耕地土壤水肥及春玉米产量的影响 |
| Effects of organic material substitution for chemical fertilizers on soil water, fertility, and spring maize yield in newly reclaimed land on the Loess Plateau |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.22 |
| 中文关键词: 春玉米 新造耕地 有机物料 水肥利用 作物生长 产量 |
| 英文关键词:spring maize newly reclaimed farmland organic materials water and fertility utilization crop growth yield |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划项目（2023-ZDLNY-56） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究适配土壤肥力改善与产能提升的有机物料改良技术模式，于2019年和2020年在陕西安塞农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站开展田间试验，设立9个“等氮替代”处理：包括25%、50%和75%有机肥替代化肥（ON1、ON2、ON3），25%、50%和75%秸秆替代化肥（FN1、FN2、FN3），25%、50%和75%有机肥与秸秆配施替代化肥（OF1、OF2、OF3）及1个传统施肥对照（CK），分析不同有机物料替代下春玉米田土壤含水率、土壤碳氮含量以及春玉米产量和水氮利用效率的响应规律。结果表明，ON2处理可显著改善三叶期0~40 cm土层土壤水分状况，优化玉米生长水分条件，其土壤含水率较CK提高17.2%；该处理0~10 cm土层土壤全氮和有机碳含量较CK分别增加3.5%~13.7%和7.1%~11.6%。得益于水分-养分协同优化，与CK相比，ON2处理两年关键生育时期株高和叶面积指数分别增加8.7%~19.6%和17.8%~79.4%，水分利用效率和氮素利用效率分别提高35.4%~35.8%和7.1%~7.4%，同时玉米产量增加29.1%~33.0%。75%有机物料替代处理（ON3、FN3、OF3）的土壤全氮和有机碳含量均高于25%和50%有机物料替代处理，但春玉米生育期前期其土壤表层的硝态氮含量较低。综上，50%有机肥替代化肥可作为实现黄土高原新造土地粮食增产和土壤肥力提升的有效措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore suitable organic material improvement models for soil fertility enhancement and maize yield increase, field experiments were conducted at the Shaanxi Ansai National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station in 2019 and 2020, with nine “nitrogen\|equivalent substitution” treatments. These treatments included 25%, 50%, and 75% organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizers (ON1, ON2, ON3), 25%, 50%, and 75% straw substituting chemical fertilizers (FN1, FN2, FN3), and 25%, 50%, and 75% organic fertilizer combined with straw substituting chemical fertilizers (OF1, OF2, OF3), along with a traditional fertilization control (CK). The objective was to explore the changes in soil moisture and soil carbon and nitrogen content, spring maize yield, and water\|nitrogen resource use efficiency under different organic material substitutions. The results showed that the ON2 treatment significantly improved soil moisture status in the 0-40 cm layer during the three\|leaf stage, increased soil moisture content by 17.2% compared to the CK at the three\|leaf stage, creating superior moisture conditions for maize growth. In the 0-10 cm soil layer, the ON2 treatment increased soil total nitrogen and soil organic carbon contents by 3.5% to 13.7%, and 7.1% to 11.6% compared to the CK, respectively. Through water\|nutrient synergy, the ON2 treatment enhanced plant height and leaf area index during key growth stages by 8.7% to 19.6%, and 17.8% to 79.4% compared to the CK, respectively. Furthermore, the ON2 treatment improved water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by 35.4% to 35.8%, and 7.1% to 7.4%, respectively, compared to the control. Concurrently, maize yield achieved a 29.1% to 33.0% increase compared to CK. The soil total nitrogen and soil organic carbon content in the 75% organic material substitution treatment (ON3, FN3, and OF3) were higher than in the 25% and 50% substitution treatments, but the nitrate nitrogen content in the surface soil was lower in the early growth stages of spring maize under the 75% organic material substitution treatment. In summary, 50% organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer is an effective approach to improve soil fertility and increase grain yield in newly reclaimed land on the Loess Plateau. |
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