李贺男,李锦朝,付浩川,张浩磊,温家宣,庞津雯,方妍欣,董勤各,梁福琴,冯浩.土壤改良措施对玉米-大豆间作体系土壤结构、养分及作物产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(1):232~239
土壤改良措施对玉米-大豆间作体系土壤结构、养分及作物产量的影响
Effects of soil improvement measures on soil structure， nutrients and crop yield of maize\|soybean intercropping system
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.23
中文关键词:  土壤改良；土壤结构；土壤养分；玉米-大豆间作；产量  中低产田
英文关键词:soil improvement  soil structure  soil nutrients  maize\|soybean intercropping  yield  medium\|low yield farmland
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD1900301）;陕西省重点研发计划项目（2003-ZDLNY-56）
作者单位
李贺男 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100 
李锦朝 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100 
付浩川 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100 
张浩磊 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100 
温家宣 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100 
庞津雯 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100 
方妍欣 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西 杨凌 712100 
董勤各 西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100；西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院,陕西 杨凌712100 
梁福琴 延安市农业科学研究院,陕西 延安 716000 
冯浩 西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西 杨凌 712100；西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院,陕西 杨凌712100 
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中文摘要:
      为解决黄土高原中低产田土壤结构差、肥力弱、作物产能低等问题，于2023年开展土壤改良田间试验，设传统施肥（CK）、γ-聚谷氨酸保水剂（P）、松土剂（S）、30%有机肥替代化肥（F）、30%有机肥替代化肥+γ-聚谷氨酸保水剂（FP）和30%有机肥替代化肥+松土剂（FS）共6个处理，研究不同改良措施对土壤结构、养分含量及玉米-大豆间作系统产量的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，各改良措施下土壤紧实度显著降低，降幅为15.90%~28.19%，玉米产量显著提高12.07%~30.73%。与CK相比，FS处理土壤容重显著降低7.01%，土壤团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）与几何平均直径（GMD）分别提高18.26%、21.96%，土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷含量分别显著增加44.70%、74.22%、100.95%，玉米的穗粒数、百粒重、产量分别提升16.11%、10.58%、30.73%。各改良措施对大豆产量和百粒重提升效果不显著。综上，30%有机肥替代+松土剂改良措施（FS）在改善土壤结构、土壤肥力和增加作物产量方面效果显著，推荐采用该方式来改善黄土高原区域旱地农业中低产田土壤质量，进而提高作物产量。
英文摘要:
      To address the problems of poor soil structure, weak fertility, and low crop productivity in medium\| and low\|yield fields on the Loess Plateau, field experiments on soil improvement were carried out in 2023. Six treatments were traditional fertilization (CK), γ-polyglutamic acid water\|retaining agent (P), soil loosening agent (S), 30% organic fertilizer substitution (F), 30% organic fertilizer substitution + γ-polyglutamic acid water\|retaining agent (FP), and 30% organic fertilizer substitution + soil loosening agent (FS). Their effects on soil structure, nutrients, and yield of a dryland maize\|soybean intercropping system were analyzed. The results showed that all improvement measures significantly reduced soil compaction by 15.90% to 28.19%, and increased maize yield by 12.07% to 30.73%. Compared with CK, the FS treatment significantly reduced soil bulk density by 7.01%, enhanced mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil aggregates by 18.26% and 21.96%, respectively. The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus was significantly increased by 44.70%, 74.22%, and 100.95%, respectively. The grain number per ear, 100-grain weight, and yield of maize were increased by 16.11%, 10.58%, and 30.73%, respectively. Soybean yield and 100-grain weight showed slight increases under all improvement measures, but no statistically significant differences were observed compared to CK. In conclusion, the 30% organic fertilizer substitution + soil loosening agent (FS treatment) proved most effective in improving soil structure, enhancing soil fertility, and increasing crop yields. This method is therefore recommended as an effective measure for improving soil quality and crop productivity in medium\|low yield dryland areas on the Loess Plateau.
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