马铃薯膜上扎穴播种机的设计与试验

魏文博; 戴飞; 陈娟; 赵武云; 孟养荣; 孙伟; 赵新平; 刘晓丽

魏文博,戴飞,陈娟,赵武云,孟养荣,孙伟,赵新平,刘晓丽.马铃薯膜上扎穴播种机的设计与试验[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(1):290~300

马铃薯膜上扎穴播种机的设计与试验

Design and experiment of potato film hole seeding machine

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.29

英文关键词:potato hole planter pricking holes on the film duckbill hole\|forming device zero\|speed seeding backfilling the hole operational performance

基金项目:甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才培养计划项目（Gaufx-03Y01）；甘肃省农机研发制造推广应用一体化试点项目（4-2）

作者	单位
魏文博	甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州 730070
戴飞	甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州 730070；甘肃农业大学旱作农业装备产业专家院,甘肃定西 730500
陈娟	甘肃农业大学旱作农业装备产业专家院,甘肃定西 730500；甘肃洮河拖拉机制造有限公司,甘肃定西 730500
赵武云	甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州 730070；甘肃农业大学旱作农业装备产业专家院,甘肃定西 730500
孟养荣	甘肃省农业机械化技术推广总站,甘肃兰州 730046
孙伟	甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州 730070；甘肃农业大学旱作农业装备产业专家院,甘肃定西 730500
赵新平	甘肃农业大学旱作农业装备产业专家院,甘肃定西 730500；甘肃洮河拖拉机制造有限公司,甘肃定西 730500
刘晓丽	甘肃农业大学旱作农业装备产业专家院,甘肃定西 730500；甘肃洮河拖拉机制造有限公司,甘肃定西 730500

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中文摘要:

针对西北旱作区马铃薯膜上播种人工作业劳动强度大和作业效率低等问题，设计一款带有鸭嘴强制开启结构和对穴覆土装置的马铃薯膜上扎穴播种机，阐述播种机整机结构及工作原理，结合马铃薯覆膜种植农艺要求，完成了穴播器、成穴器以及覆土装置等关键作业部件的结构设计与参数计算；同时，通过RecurDyn多体动力学软件开展穴播器运动仿真分析，探究特征参数λ对运动轨迹的影响。结果表明，当特征参数λ>1(ω=2.0 rad·s^-1)时穴播器满足膜上“零速投种”的必要作业条件。以空穴率、株距合格率以及覆土合格率为指标进行田间验证试验发现，当播种机前进速度为0.4~0.6 m·s^-1时，播种机的空穴率为1.97%，株距合格率为91.80%，覆土合格率为96.30%，各项指标均符合国家和行业标准，可满足西北旱作区马铃薯扎穴播种的生产需求。

英文摘要:

Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity and low efficiency of manual operation of potato film seeding in dry farming areas of Northwest China, a potato film hole seeding machine with a duckbill forced opening structure and soil covering device was designed, and the structure and working principle of the whole machine were expounded. Combined with the agronomic requirements of potato film mulching planting, the structural design and parameter calculation of key working parts such as the hole planter, hole\|forming device, and soil\|covering device were completed. The motion simulation analysis of the dibbler was carried out by RecurDyn multi\|body dynamics software to explore the influence of characteristic parameter λ on the motion trajectory. The results showed that when the characteristic parameter λ> 1(ω=2.0 rad·s^-1 ), the dibbler met the necessary operating conditions for ‘zero\|speed seeding’ on the membrane. The field verification test was carried out with the hole rate, the qualified rate of plant spacing, and the qualified rate of covering soil as the test indexes. It was found that when the forward speed of the seeder was 0.4~0.6 m·s^-1, the hole rate of the seeder was 1.97%, the qualified rate of plant spacing was 91.80%, and the qualified rate of covering soil was 96.30%. All the indexes met the national and industry standards, which could meet the production needs of potato planting in the dry farming areas of northwest China.

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