| 周琦,赵建明,贺晔,宋喜娥,郭杰,李晓瑞,郭平毅,原向阳.山西中部地区一年两作种植制度粮食产能提升潜力分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(1):301~310 |
| 山西中部地区一年两作种植制度粮食产能提升潜力分析 |
| Potential analysis of improving grain production capacity through a double\|cropping system in central Shanxi Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.01.30 |
| 中文关键词: 一年两作 粮食产能 资源利用效率 短生育期品种 农业机械化 山西中部 |
| 英文关键词:double\|cropping system crop grain production capacity resource use efficiency short\|growing\|period varieties agricultural mechanization central Shanxi Province |
| 基金项目:国家谷子高粱产业技术体系项目（CARS-06-14.5-A28）；山西省谷子产业技术体系项目（2025CYJSTX04）；山西省重点创新人才团队项目（202204051002036） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对山西省小麦播种面积持续下降（1978年110万hm2降至2023年53.6万hm2）、中部地区以一年一熟玉米为主导致温光资源浪费以及粮食产能提升受限等问题，通过梳理山西省1978—2023 年粮食种植面积、产量及生产投入数据，分析气候数据与水资源数据、品种应用、农机普及率以及晋中地区“冬小麦-夏谷子”等一年两作实践案例，探究在山西中部地区推广冬小麦-夏播作物一年两作种植制度的可行性，并提出推广建议。结果表明，山西中部地区≥0℃积温为3 500~4 000℃，为作物生长提供了较为充足的热量条件；该地区地表水资源（2022年1.08×1010 m3>/）和地下水资源（2022年1.13×1010 m3>/）较为丰富，能够有效满足灌溉需求；同时，短生育期品种的选育和农业机械化程度的提高可大大缩短农时。基于此，在实际生产过程中，采用适当的农田管理技术，同时结合发放补贴、推进土地流转、完善农业保险等措施，推行一年两作种植制度具备充分的可行性。若能在山西中部实施一年两作种植制度，理论上至少可增产粮食9×108<>/sup kg;若将此制度推广至全国北部冬麦区，产量还将进一步提升，这对国家千亿斤粮食产能提升和农民增产增收具有重要意义。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In response to the continuous decline in the wheat sowing area in Shanxi Province (from 1.1 million hectares in 1978 to 0.536 million hectares in 2023), the dominance of one\|crop\|per\|year maize in the central region leading to the waste of temperature and light resources, and the limited increase in grain production capacity, this study analyzed the data on grain planting area, yield, and production input in Shanxi Province from 1978 to 2023. It also examined climate data and water resource data, the application of varieties, the popularization rate of agricultural machinery, and the practical case of ‘winter wheat\|summer millet’ double cropping in the Jinzhong region. The study explored the feasibility of promoting the double cropping system of winter wheat and summer crops in the central region of Shanxi Province and put forward suggestions for promotion. The results showed that the ≥0℃ growing degree days in the central region of Shanxi Province ranges from 3 500℃ to 4 000℃, providing relatively sufficient heat conditions for crop growth. There were abundant surface water resources (1.08×1010 m3>/ in 2022) and groundwater resources (1.13×1010 m3>/ in 2022) in this region, which could effectively meet the irrigation needs. Meanwhile, the breeding and application of short\|growing\|period varieties and the improvement of agricultural mechanization could greatly shorten the farming period. Based on these conditions, the selection of suitable crop varieties, combined with appropriate farmland management technology, and supplemented by measures such as providing subsidies, promoting land transfer, and improving agricultural insurance, the implementation of the double cropping system is highly feasible. If the double cropping system is implemented in the central region of Shanxi, it is theoretically possible to increase grain production by at least 9×108<>/sup kg. If the double cropping system is promoted throughout the northern winter wheat region of China, crop yield will be further increased. This is of great significance for the country’s goal of increasing grain production capacity by 100 billion kilograms and maintaining the increase in income for farmers. |
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