付雅丽,张天宇,王露曼,梁丽鹏,田国英,田东良,张岩,FAHIM Abbas Muhammad,张亚宏,刘哲文,高洁,孙万仓.冀中平原甘蓝型冬油菜适应性分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(2):25~36
冀中平原甘蓝型冬油菜适应性分析
Adaptability analysis of winter Brassica napus in the Jizhong Plain
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.02.03
中文关键词:  甘蓝型冬油菜  品种适应性  农艺性状  抗寒性  冀中平原
英文关键词:winter Brassica napus  variety adaptability  agronomic trait  cold resistance  Jizhong Plain
基金项目:河北省现代农业产业技术体系特色油料创新团队项目（HBCT2024050402；HBCT2024050405）
作者单位
付雅丽 石家庄市农林科学研究院,河北 石家庄 050040 
张天宇 甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070 
王露曼 石家庄市农林科学研究院,河北 石家庄 050040 
梁丽鹏 石家庄市农林科学研究院,河北 石家庄 050040 
田国英 石家庄市农林科学研究院,河北 石家庄 050040 
田东良 石家庄市农林科学研究院,河北 石家庄 050040 
张岩 天水市农业科学研究所,甘肃 天水 741099 
FAHIM Abbas Muhammad 甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070 
张亚宏 天水市农业科学研究所,甘肃 天水 741099 
刘哲文 石家庄市农林科学研究院,河北 石家庄 050040 
高洁 石家庄市农林科学研究院,河北 石家庄 050040 
孙万仓 甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070 
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中文摘要:
      为明确冀中平原甘蓝型冬油菜品种适应性及改良方向，以6个不同抗寒性甘蓝型冬油菜新品系为试验材料，在冀中平原的邢台、石家庄和保定3个试点对甘蓝型冬油菜的适应性、生育期、产量、抗寒性等主要性状及其与气候因子的相关性进行系统分析。结果表明，参试甘蓝型冬油菜新品系表现出良好的区域适应性，2019—2022年，3个试点越冬率为72.40%~89.91%，生育期253~269 d，含油率40.87%~43.57%；产量为2 694.43~3 039.25 kg·hm-2，其中热量条件较优的邢台试点优势显著，且强抗寒品种产量稳定性优于抗寒及弱抗寒品系。相关性及灰色关联度分析显示，强抗寒品系‘陇油29号’、‘陇油30号’的产量主要受角粒数、株高、千粒重、一次有效分枝数、单株有效角果数等农艺性状影响，与气候因子无显著相关性；而与抗寒性较弱的‘天油14号’与‘17-2251’产量关联度较大的因子为≥10℃积温、单株有效角果数、≥0℃积温及年平均温度等气候因子。主成分分析表明，单株产量、株高、千粒重、角粒数等农艺性状是决定参试品系综合表现的关键指标。综上可知，选择强抗寒品种是冀中平原甘蓝型冬油菜安全生产的核心保障，未来品系改良的主要目标为农艺性状，尤其是抗寒性。
英文摘要:
      To evaluate the adaptability and goals for line improvement of winter Brassica napus in the Jizhong Plain, six new winter rapeseed lines with different cold resistance were used as tested materials. The main traits such as adaptability, growth period, yield, and cold resistance of winter rapeseed were analyzed in three regions of the Jizhong Plain: Xingtai, Shijiazhuang, and Baoding. The results showed that the tested new winter rapeseed lines had good adaptability. From 2019 to 2022, the winter survival rate at the three test sites ranged from 72.40% to 89.91%, the growth period was 253 to 269 days, and the oil content was 40.87% to 43.57%. The average yield over three years was 2 694.43 kg·hm-2 to 3 039.25 kg·hm-2, and the yield at the Xingtai test site with better heat conditions was significantly higher than that at Shijiazhuang and Baoding, and the strong cold resistance varities exhibited better than cold resistance and weak cold resistance lines. Correlation and grey correlation analysis showed that the yields of the strong cold resistant lines ‘Longyou 29’ and ‘Longyou 30’ were mainly affected by the agronomic traits such as seeds per silique, plant height, 1 000-seed weight, number of effective primary branches, and effective siliques per plant, and had no significant correlation with climatic factors. The factors that had a great correlation with the yield of the weak cold resistance lines ‘Tianyou 14’ and ‘17-2251’ were ≥10℃ accumulated temperature, effective siliques per plant, ≥0℃ accumulated temperature, and annual average temperature. Principal component analysis showed that the main factors determining the comprehensive traits of the tested new lines were agronomic traits such as yield per plant, plant height, 1 000-seed weight, and seeds per siliques. The three\|year test results showed that the tested new winter rapeseed lines demonstrated good adaptability in the Jizhong Plain, and the main goal of future line improvement is still agronomic traits, especially cold resistance.
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