| 王梓,杨卫君,陈思彤,张力月,冶晓花,张书芳,席宁居,李琴,李欣瑞.限量灌水并配施生物炭对春小麦水分利用效率和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(2):57~64 |
| 限量灌水并配施生物炭对春小麦水分利用效率和产量的影响 |
| Effects of limited irrigation combined with biochar amendment on water use efficiency and yield of spring wheat |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.02.06 |
| 中文关键词: 春小麦 限量灌水 生物炭 水分利用效率 产量 熵值TOPSIS评价 |
| 英文关键词:spring wheat limited irrigation biochar water use efficiency yield entropy weighted TOPSIS evaluation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32260326）；新疆现代农业（小麦）产业技术体系项目（XJARS-01）；新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才-青年拔尖人才项目（2023TSYCCX0085） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明限量灌水条件下施用生物炭对春小麦水分利用效率和产量的综合影响，以北疆灌区农田为研究对象，通过裂区试验，设置2个灌水量\[4 500 m3·hm-2(W0)、4 050 m3·hm-2(W1)\]和3个生物炭施用水平\[0 (B0)、10 (B1)、20 t·hm-2(B2)\]，分析不同处理下春小麦生长、水分利用效率和产量等指标之间的差异，并运用熵权TOPSIS法对上述指标进行最佳配比选择的综合效应评价。结果表明：限量灌水条件下施用生物炭对春小麦籽粒灌浆、水分利用效率和产量有显著影响（P<0.05），在灌水量为4 050 m3·hm-2（W1）条件下，春小麦水分利用效率随生物炭施用呈逐渐升高的趋势，且各处理均高于灌水量4 500 m3·hm-2（W0）处理，并且水分利用效率在W1B2处理达到最大值，较W1B0和W1B1处理增加了14.51%～46.78%。在W0和W1条件下，春小麦产量随生物炭的施用逐渐增大，并且春小麦有效穗数、千粒重和产量皆在W1B2处理最大，较W0B0处理分别增加39.28%、37.77%和69.51%；春小麦穗粒数在W1B1处理下最大，较W0B0处理增加了19.35%。基于熵权TOPSIS评价分析表明，灌水量在4 050 m3·hm-2、生物炭施用量在10 t·hm-2时春小麦综合表现优于其他处理，且在限量灌水配施高量生物炭（W1B2）处理下，春小麦水分利用效率（2.31 kg·m-3）和产量（9 571.71 kg·hm-2）均达到最高，该结果可为实现北疆灌区春小麦节水高产目标提供数据支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the comprehensive effects of biochar application on water use efficiency and yield of spring wheat under limited irrigation conditions, a split\|plot experiment was conducted in the farmland of the irrigation area in northern Xinjiang. Two irrigation levels \[4 500 m3·hm-2 (W0), 4 050 m3·hm-2 (W1)\] and three biochar application levels \[0 t·hm-2 (B0), 10 t·hm-2 (B1), and 20 t·hm-2 (B2)\] were set to analyze the differences in growth, water use efficiency, and yield of spring wheat under different treatments. The entropy weighted TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the comprehensive effect of the best ratio selection of spring wheat growth, water use efficiency, and yield. The results showed that the application of biochar under limited irrigation had significant effects on grain filling, water use efficiency, and yield of spring wheat (P<0.05). Under the condition of an irrigation amount of 4 050 m3·hm-2 (W1), the water use efficiency of spring wheat increased gradually with the application of biochar, and each treatment was higher than the irrigation amount of the 4 500 m3·hm-2 (W1) treatment, and the water use efficiency reached the maximum in the W1B2 treatment, which increased by 14.51% to 46.78% compared with the W1B0 and W1B1 treatments. Under the conditions of W0 and W1, the yield of spring wheat increased gradually with the application of biochar, and the effective panicle number, 1000\|grain weight, and yield of spring wheat were the largest in the W1B2 treatment, which increased by 39.28%, 37.77%, and 69.51%, respectively, compared with the W0B0 treatment. The grain number per spike of spring wheat was the largest under the W1B1 treatment, which was 19.35% higher than that under the W0B0 treatment. The entropy weighted TOPSIS evaluation analysis showed that the comprehensive performance of spring wheat was better than other treatments when the irrigation amount was 4 050 m3·hm-2 and the biochar application amount was 10 t·hm-2. Under the treatment of limited irrigation combined with a high amount of biochar (W1B2), the water use efficiency (2.31 kg·m-3) and yield (9 571.71 kg·hm-2) of spring wheat reached the highest. The results can provide data support for achieving the goal of high yield of spring wheat under water\|saving irrigation in the northern Xinjiang irrigation area. |
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