| 沈佳琪,曹红霞,刘宁宁,任利宇,陈越浦,刘家璇,李志军.限量补灌与追氮对陕北糜子干物质及氮素积累转运的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(2):104~114 |
| 限量补灌与追氮对陕北糜子干物质及氮素积累转运的影响 |
| Effects of limited supplementary irrigation and nitrogen topdressing on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation in broomcorn millet in Northern Shaanxi |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.02.10 |
| 中文关键词: 糜子 限量补灌 追施氮肥 干物质积累 氮素转运 产量 陕北 |
| 英文关键词:broomcorn millet limited supplementary irrigation nitrogen topdressing dry matter accumulation nitrogen transport yield northern Shaanxi |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点产业创新链-农业领域项目（2023-ZDLNY-46）；陕西省科技厅重点研发项目（2024NC-YBXM-025） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以‘榆糜2号’为试验材料，在糜子的拔节孕穗期和灌浆期进行补灌和追肥，设置3个总施氮水平（N1：200 kg·hm-2，N2：150 kg·hm-2，N3：100 kg·hm-2）和3个补灌水平（W1：30 mm，W2：22.5 mm，W3：15 mm），研究关键生育期限量补灌与氮肥互作对糜子生长特性、干物质积累转运、产量及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明：适宜水氮供应对糜子生长具有积极影响，N1W1处理抽穗期叶面积指数、抽穗开花~灌浆期作物生长率和光合势分别提高6.00%~68.35%、4.08%~64.58%和6.12%~64.18%。施氮量和灌水量对糜子干物质和氮素的积累转运影响显著（P＜0.05）。成熟期N1W1处理干物质积累量、花前转运量和花后积累量分别增加5.94~40.12%、11.96%~102.83%和1.00%~25.87%；氮素花前转运量和花后积累量分别增加7.93%~103.75%和3.89~41.52%；花后干物质和氮素积累对籽粒的贡献率分别达73.21%~81.49%和65.95%~73.6%，均显著高于花前转运贡献率。当施氮量达到150 kg·hm-2时，籽粒的干物质积累量、干物质的花前转运率和花后积累量将不再显著提升。干物质和氮素的花前转运量和花后积累量与籽粒产量存在显著正相关性，干物质花后积累量与籽粒产量之间的相关系数最大（R2=0.98）。籽粒产量随施氮量和灌水量增加而升高，N1W1处理产量最高（达7 139.69 kg·hm-2），与N2W1处理无显著差异；水分利用效率在N1W1和N2W1处理下达到最大值；氮肥偏生产力随施氮量增加显著降低20.68%~79.27%，随灌水量增加而升高5.31%~25.95%，N2W1处理氮肥偏生产力处于较高水平。因此，基于本试验条件，考虑水氮利用效率和减少氮肥投入的原则，N2W1处理（总施氮量：150 kg·hm-2，补灌水量：30 mm）更适宜作为提高陕北糜子产量的补灌施肥模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Taking ‘Yumei 2’ as the experimental material, supplementary irrigation and fertilization were carried out at the booting and the filling stage of the broomcorn millet. Three total nitrogen application levels (N1: 200 kg·hm-2, N2: 150 kg·hm-2, N3: 100 kg·hm-2) and three supplementary irrigation water levels (W1: 30 mm, W2: 22.5 mm, W3: 15 mm) were set up to study the effects of limited supplementary irrigation and nitrogen application at key growth stages on the growth characteristics, dry matter pre\|flowering translocation and post\|flowering accumulation, water and nitrogen use efficiency, and yield of broomcorn millet. The results showed that appropriate water and nitrogen supply impacts broomcorn millet growth. The leaf area index of N1W1 treatment increased by 6.00%-68.35% at heading stage, and the crop growth rate and photosynthetic potential from heading and flowering stage to filling stage increased by 4.08%-64.58% and 6.12%-64.18%, respectively. The application rate of nitrogen and irrigation water significantly affected the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation of broomcorn millet (P<0.05). The N1W1 treatment increased dry matter accumulation during maturity, pre\|flowering translocation, and post\|flowering accumulation by 5.94%-40.12%, 11.96%-102.83%, and 1.00%-25.87%, respectively. Nitrogen pre\|flowering translocation and post\|flowering accumulation increased by 7.93%-103.75% and 3.89%-41.52%, respectively. Post\|flowering dry matter and nitrogen accumulation contributed 73.21%-81.49% and 65.95%-73.6% to grain yield, respectively, both significantly higher than the pre\|flowering transport contribution rate. When the application rate of nitrogen reached 150 kg·hm-2, the dry matter accumulation in grains, the pre\|flowering translocation rate and the post\|flowering accumulation of dry matter would no longer increase significantly. The pre\|flowering translocation and post\|flowering accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen were significantly positively correlated with grain yield, and the correlation coefficient between post\|flowering dry matter accumulation and grain yield was the highest (R2=0.98). Grain yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate and irrigation water, with the N1W1 treatment yielding the highest (at 7 139.69 kg·hm-2), showing no significant difference from the N2W1 treatment. Water use efficiency peaked under the N1W1 and N2W1 treatments. The partial factor productivity of nitrogen decreased by 20.68%-79.27% with the increase of nitrogen application but increased by 5.31%-25.95% with the increase of irrigation water. The N2W1 treatment exhibited relatively high nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity. Therefore, based on the conditions of this experiment, considering the water and nitrogen use efficiency and reducing nitrogen input, the N2W1 treatment (total nitrogen application: 150 kg·hm-2, supplementary irrigation: 30 mm) is more suitable as a supplementary irrigation and fertilization model to increase the yield of broomcorn millet in northern Shaanxi. |
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