| 张文敏,赵宗锐,胡作龙,郑小波,谷晓博,蔡焕杰.地膜覆盖热效应及其对冬小麦生长和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(2):115~126 |
| 地膜覆盖热效应及其对冬小麦生长和产量的影响 |
| Thermal effect of film mulching and its influence on the growth and yield of winter wheat |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.02.11 |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 地膜颜色 冠层净辐射 土壤热通量 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:winter wheat mulch film color canopy net radiation soil heat flux yield water use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFF1300805）；河南省自然科学基金（232300421251）；中原学者工作站资助项目(244400510011)；黄河水利科学研究院院长基金(HKY-JBYW-2024-04)；陕西省水资源与环境重点实验室资助项目（SXSWREKLORP-2023-01） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2021年10月—2022年6月（平水季）和2022年10月—2023年6月（丰水季）在陕西杨凌开展田间试验，设白色透明薄膜覆盖、黑色薄膜覆盖和不覆膜共3个处理，研究不同颜色地膜覆盖对冬小麦农田净辐射、土壤热通量、土壤温度、叶面积指数、地上部干物质量、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，白膜处理冬小麦冠层累积净辐射和累积土壤热通量均最小，白膜处理冬小麦冠层累积净辐射比黑膜处理降低4.9%~5.4%，而与不覆膜处理间无显著性差异；与黑膜和不覆膜处理相比，白膜处理下累积土壤热通量分别显著降低16.5%~104.1%和99.2%~122.7%（P<0.05）。覆膜提高了冬小麦苗期和越冬期5~10 cm深度处的土壤温度0.4~2.8℃，但白膜处理降低了返青期后20~25 cm的土壤温度0.9~2.8℃。2021—2022年覆膜处理的耗水量小于不覆膜处理，其中白膜处理的耗水量比黑膜处理显著降低4.4%（P<0.05），而2022—2023年覆膜显著增加了冬小麦耗水量（P<0.05）。与不覆膜处理相比，覆膜处理冬小麦产量和水分利用效率分别显著提高10.3%和8.9%（P<0.05），而白膜处理的水分利用效率在2021—2022年比黑膜处理显著提高5.4%（P<0.05）。综上，覆膜能够改善冬小麦农田热环境，促进冬小麦生长，提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率，其中在平水季覆膜处理降低了冬小麦耗水量，而丰水季增加了耗水量，并且白膜覆盖在平水季提高冬小麦水分利用效率和降低耗水量的效果优于黑膜覆盖。因此，推荐白色透明薄膜覆盖为西北旱区冬小麦高产高效的栽培模式（尤其在平水季）。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Field experiment were conducted in Yangling, Shaanxi, from October 2021 to June 2022 (normal precipitation season) and from October 2022 to June 2023 (wet season). Three treatments were established: transparent plastic film mulch (WF), black plastic film mulch (BF), and no mulch (CK). The research aimed to investigate the effects of different colored film mulching on net radiation, soil heat flux, soil temperature, leaf area index, above\|ground dry matter, yield, and water use efficiency in winter wheat fields. The results showed that the cumulative net radiation and cumulative soil heat flux were minimum in the treatment of WF. The cumulative canopy net radiation under WF was decreased by 4.9%-5.4% compared to BF, and there was no significant difference compared to CK. The cumulative soil heat flux under WF was significantly decreased by 16.5%-104.1% compared to BF and 99.2%-122.7% compared to CK (P<0.05). Film mulching increased soil temperature by 0.4-2.8℃ at 5-10 cm soil depths of winter wheat during the seedling and overwintering stages, but WF treatment decreased soil temperature by 0.9-2.8℃ at a depth of 20-25 cm after the regreening stage. Film mulching improved the leaf area index and above\|ground dry matter. The evapotranspiration of film mulching in 2021-2022 was less than that of non\|mulching treatment, and the evapotranspiration of WF treatment was 4.4% significantly lower than that of BF treatment (P<0.05), while film mulching significantly increased the evapotranspiration of winter wheat in 2022-2023 (P<0.05). Compared with CK, the yield and water use efficiency of film mulching treatment increased by 10.3% and 8.9%, respectively (P<0.05), while the water use efficiency of WF treatment was 5.4% significantly greater than that of BF treatment in 2021-2022 (P<0.05). In summary, film mulching could improve the thermal environment for winter wheat, promote the growth of winter wheat, and increase the yield and water use efficiency. The evapotranspiration of film mulching was decreased in the normal season and increased in the wet season, and the effect of transparent film mulching on improving water use efficiency and reducing evapotranspiration in the normal season was better than that of black film mulching. Therefore, white transparent film mulching is recommended as a high\|yield and high\|efficiency cultivation practice for winter wheat in the arid regions of Northwest China, especially during normal rainfall seasons. |
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