| 王彧超.同玉米-花椰菜套作模式对田间微环境及花椰菜生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(2):135~145 |
| 同玉米-花椰菜套作模式对田间微环境及花椰菜生长的影响 |
| Effects of different maize\|cauliflower intercropping patterns on field microenvironment and cauliflower growth |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.02.13 |
| 中文关键词: 套作模式 花椰菜 田间微环境 生长发育 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词:intercropping patterns cauliflower field microenvironment growth and development yield quality |
| 基金项目:大同市重点研发计划项目（农业）“适宜大同地区产业化栽培的花椰菜品种筛选及生产关键技术研究”（2023017） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同玉米-花椰菜套作配置模式对复合群体的影响机制，采用双因素随机区组设计试验，双因素为玉米品种-栽培方式（3水平：‘强盛55’直播、‘万糯2000’直播、‘万糯2000’育苗移栽）和玉米-花椰菜行比（2水平：1∶2、1∶4），共设置6个复合处理（T1~T6）及1组对照（CK：花椰菜单作），探究不同处理对复合群体温湿度的调控及花椰菜生长发育的影响。结果表明：若日温≥25℃，不同处理在田间微环境调控效果上存在明显差异，其中T4处理（‘万糯2000’直播+行比1∶4）体现出最优的环境调控能力，与CK相比，该处理使行间空气湿度提高7.8%，地表温度降低1.5~2.8℃，显著改善了花椰菜生长的微气候。T4处理在花椰菜关键农艺指标上表现突出，与对照相比，其株高、叶宽、花球横径、花球纵径和产量分别提高8.7%、13.4%、17.9%、39.3%和15.1%，商品率高达85.5%。双因素方差分析结果表明，行比与玉米品种-栽培方式对花椰菜株高、花球形态等核心农艺指标均存在显著调控效应，且二者的交互作用进一步显著影响了叶片数和叶宽。灰色关联度分析结果表明，T4处理的加权关联度值达到1.00。综上，‘万糯2000’玉米品种实行直播，配合玉米-花椰菜1∶4行比的种植模式可对田间光热资源分配进行有效协调，依靠优化冠层结构，实现“降温保湿”协同效果，可作为晋北高寒区玉米与花椰菜套作系统的适宜配置模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the mechanism of different maize planting patterns on maize\|cauliflower intercropping compound populations,a two\|factor randomized block design was adopted in this experiment. The two factors were maize cultivar\|cultivation pattern and maize\|cauliflower row ratio with three levels and two levels, respectively. The three levels of maize cultivar\|cultivation were direct\|seeded ‘Qiangsheng 55’, direct\|seeded ‘Wannuo 2000’, and transplanted‘Wannuo 2000’,while the two levels of row ratio were 1∶2 and 1∶4. Six compound treatments marked as T1 to T6 and one control (CK, cauliflower monocropping) were arranged. The effects of these key factors on temperature and humidity regulation of the compound population and growth and development of cauliflower were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that obvious differences in field microenvironment regulation existed among different treatments when daily temperature was above or equal to 25℃. Treatment T4,namely direct\|seeded ‘Wannuo 2000’ with 1∶4 row ratio, had the best microenvironment regulation effect. Compared with CK, T4 increased inter\|row air humidity by 7.8% and reduced surface temperature by 1.5℃ to 2.8℃, which significantly improved the microclimate for cauliflower growth. T4 also performed prominently in key agronomic indexes of cauliflower. Compared with the control,plant height,leaf width, horizontal diameter of the curd, longitudinal diameter of the curd, and yield of cauliflower in T4 increased by 8.7%,13.4%,17.9%,39.3%, and 15.1%, respectively, and the commodity rate reached 85.5%. Two\|way ANOVA results indicated that both row ratio and maize cultivar\|cultivation pattern exerted significant regulatory effects on cauliflower’s key agronomic traits, such as plant height and curd morphology, and their interaction further significantly affected number of leaves and leaf width traits. The results of grey relational analysis showed that the weighted grey relational degree value of treatment T4 reached 1.00. In summary, direct seeding of ‘Wannuo 2000’ combined with a 1∶4 row ratio can effectively coordinate the distribution of light and heat resources in field, optimize canopy structure, and realize the synergistic effect of cooling and moisture retention,so it can be used as a suitable configuration mode for maize\|cauliflower intercropping systems in the cold highlands of northern Shanxi. |
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