| 张明伟,高欣梅,张雨珊,郭龙玉,王莹,李乌日吉木斯,李宝涵,艾佳鑫.行距配置和种植密度对高粱花后光合特性及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(2):146~156 |
| 行距配置和种植密度对高粱花后光合特性及产量的影响 |
| Effects of row spacing configuration and planting density on post\|anthesis photosynthetic characteristics and yield of sorghum |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.02.14 |
| 中文关键词: 高粱 行距配置 种植密度 光合特性 群体结构 籽粒产量 |
| 英文关键词:sorghum row spacing configuration planting density photosynthetic characteristics population structure grain yield |
| 基金项目:内蒙古自然科学基金（2024QN03048） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 170 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明不同行距配置、种植密度及其互作效应对高粱花后光合特性及产量的影响，于2023—2024年开展田间试验，采用裂区设计，以行距配置为主处理，设等行距60 cm（S1）、宽窄行80 cm＋40 cm（S2）和宽窄行90 cm＋30 cm（S3）3个行距；以种植密度为副处理，分别设7.5 (D1)、10.5 （D2）、13.5 (D3)万株·hm-2 3个密度，共计9个处理，系统分析不同处理下高粱花后不同部位茎叶夹角、单株叶面积、叶面积指数、叶面积衰减速率、群体光合势、光合参数及产量的变化特征。结果表明，行距配置和种植密度对高粱中、下部茎叶夹角、净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、千粒重及籽粒产量有显著影响，二者互作对中叶茎叶夹角、千粒重和籽粒产量表现出显著的正向调控作用，年份变化对穗粒数、千粒重和产量也产生显著影响。相同行距配置下，D2密度搭配S2行距配置时，中叶茎叶夹角较D1显著降低3.68%，群体光合势及籽粒产量较D1分别显著提高36.58%和12.23%；花后14~49 d叶面积衰减速率和开花期胞间CO2浓度（Ci）较D3分别显著下降16.92%和32.79%，花后0~49 d单株叶面积、开花期Pn、Tr、Gs、千粒重和籽粒产量较D3分别显著提高23.07%、13.73%、13.54%、18.70%、6.71%和4.91%。相同种植密度下，S2行距配置搭配D2密度时，花后0~49 d单株叶面积、花后28~35 d群体光合势、千粒重和产量较S1分别显著提高6.70%、7.19%、3.73%和5.85%；叶面积衰减速率较S3显著降低10.46%，中叶茎叶夹角、花后49 d叶面积指数、开花期Pn和Tr分别较S1和S3显著提高24.19%和10.12%、9.94%和7.28%、7.17%和6.18%、12.75%和11.20%。综上，宽窄行80 cm+40 cm搭配10.5万株·hm-2的种植组合，可通过优化冠层结构、提升光合效能、延缓叶片衰老实现高产稳产，高粱产量较其他组合提高3.18%~16.19%，可作为内蒙古东部旱作区及类似生态区推荐的高粱栽培模式进行推广。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of different row spacing configurations, planting densities, and their interactions on post\|flowering photosynthetic characteristics and yield of sorghum, a field experiment with a split\|plot design was conducted from 2023 to 2024. The main plots included three row spacing configurations: uniform spacing (60 cm, S1), wide\|narrow rows (80 cm + 40 cm, S2), and wide\|narrow rows (90 cm + 30 cm, S3), while subplots comprised three planting densities: 75 000 plants·hm-2 (D1), 105 000 plants·hm-2 (D2), and 135 000 plants·hm-2 (D3). A total of nine treatments were established. Parameters included stem\|leaf angles at different canopy positions, single\|plant leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area decay rate, canopy photosynthetic potential, photosynthetic parameters (net photosynthetic rate Pn, transpiration rate Tr, intercellular CO2 concentration Ci, and stomatal conductance Gs), and yield components were analyzed. The results showed that row spacing configurations and planting densities significantly influenced the stem\|leaf angles of middle and lower leaves, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, 1 000\|grain weight, and yield of sorghum. Their interaction exhibited significant positive regulatory effects on the stem\|leaf angles of middle leaves, 1 000\|grain weight and yield. Yearly variations significantly affected grains per panicle, 1 000\|grain weight, and yield. At the same row spacing comfiguration, when S2 configuration was combined with D2 density, the stem\|leaf angle of the middle leaves was significantly reduced by 3.68%, and canopy photosynthetic potential and grain yield were significantly increased by 36.58% and 12.23%, respectively, compared to D1. Relative to D3, D2 decreased leaf area decay rate (14-49 days post\|flowering) and flowering\|stage Ci by 16.92% and 32.79%, while enhancing single\|plant leaf area (0-49 days post\|flowering), Pn, Tr, Gs, 1 000-grain weight, and yield by 23.07%, 13.73%, 13.54%, 18.70%, 6.71%, and 4.91%, respectively. At the same planting density, when D2 density was combined with S2 configuration, the single\|plant leaf area (0-49 days post\|flowering), canopy photosynthetic potential (28-35 days post\|flowering), 1 000-grain weight, and yield was increased by 6.70%, 7.19%, 3.73%, and 5.85% compared to S1, while leaf area decay rate was reduced by 10.46% versus S3. Mid\|leaf stem\|leaf angles, leaf area index (49 days post\|flowering), Pn, and Tr at flowering stage were elevated by 24.19%, 9.94%, 7.17%, and 12.75% over S1 and by 10.12%, 7.28%, 6.18%, and 11.20% over S3. In conclusion, the planting combination of wide\|narrow row spacing (80 cm + 40 cm) with a planting density of 105 000 plants·hm-2 can achieve high and stable yield by optimizing canopy structure, enhancing photosynthetic performance, and delaying leaf senescence,with yield increased by 3.18% to 16.19% compared with other combinations. Thus, it is recommended as an optimal sorghum cultivation model for popularization in dry farming areas in eastern Inner Mongolia and similar ecological regions. |
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