荒漠区黏土沙障-人工梭梭林体系对土壤矿质及盐碱化演变的研究

宋达成; 吴昊; 何芳兰; 魏乐民; 康建军; 韩生慧; 姚泽; 马全林

宋达成,吴昊,何芳兰,魏乐民,康建军,韩生慧,姚泽,马全林.荒漠区黏土沙障-人工梭梭林体系对土壤矿质及盐碱化演变的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(2):202~211

荒漠区黏土沙障-人工梭梭林体系对土壤矿质及盐碱化演变的研究

Research on soil mineral and salinization erolution in the clay sand barrier\|artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forest system in desert areas

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.02.19

中文关键词: 黏土沙障人工梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）林土壤养分盐分离子土壤盐碱化荒漠区

英文关键词:clay sand barrier artifical Haloxylon ammodendron forest soil nutrients salt ions soil salinization desert zone

基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32160410, 42230720, 32460431）; 甘肃省自然科学基金（26JRRA434, 25JRRA760）; 甘肃省重点研发计划项目（24YFNA010， 22YF7FA078, 25YFFA073）; 甘肃省林业和草原科技创新项目（LCCX202303）; 中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目（2024ZYTG04）

作者	单位
宋达成	甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃河西走廊森林生态系统定位观测研究站,甘肃兰州 730070
吴昊	甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃河西走廊森林生态系统定位观测研究站,甘肃兰州 730070
何芳兰	甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃河西走廊森林生态系统定位观测研究站,甘肃兰州 730070
魏乐民	中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃兰州 730000
康建军	中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃兰州 730000
韩生慧	甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃河西走廊森林生态系统定位观测研究站,甘肃兰州 730070
姚泽	甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃河西走廊森林生态系统定位观测研究站,甘肃兰州 730070
马全林	甘肃省林业科学研究院,甘肃兰州 730020

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中文摘要:

以民勤荒漠区布设年限分别为1、5、10、20、40 a和60 a的黏土沙障-人工梭梭林为研究对象，以流动沙地为对照，系统测定了0~100 cm土层土壤pH值、有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）、可溶性盐含量，水溶性离子（CO₃^2-、HCO^-₃、Cl^-、SO^2-₄、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、K⁺、Na⁺）组成及总碱度等指标，旨在阐明长期防护体系构建对土壤养分积累与盐碱化演变的影响机制。结果表明：黏土沙障-人工梭梭林体系显著促进了土壤养分的累积，SOC、TN和TP含量随布设年限延长呈稳步上升趋势，较流动沙地平均分别提高17.50%、14.29%和16.67%。该体系对盐分离子具有明显的调控作用，Cl^-、SO^2-₄、Ca²⁺、K⁺和Na⁺等含量整体呈波动上升，较流动沙地平均分别提高8.16%、17.28%、23.65%和12.07%，但其相对丰度的变化幅度随年限增加逐渐减弱，至60 a时趋近于流动沙地水平。同时，该体系有效降低了土壤总碱度，各沙障样地平均较对照下降约0.03 cmol·kg^-1，盐碱化状况得以改善。关联分析表明，Cl^-、SO^2-₄、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺含量，pH值与总碱度是表征0~100 cm土壤盐碱化程度的关键因子，而TN、TP与盐分及盐碱化指标间关联较弱，暗示其积累过程相对独立。

英文摘要:

The clay sand barrier\|artificial Haloxylon ammodendron plantations established for 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 years in the Minqin desert region were taken as the study objects, and the mobile dunes were taken as the control. The soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), soluble salt content, water\|soluble ions (CO^2-₃, HCO^-₃, Cl^-, SO^2-₄, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺) compopsitions, and total alkalinity in the 0-100 cm soil layer were systematically analyzed to elucidate the mechanisms of the long\|term protection system on soil nutrient accumulation and salinization evolution. The results showed that the clay sand barrier\|artificial Haloxylon ammodendron plantations system significantly promoted the accumulation of soil nutrients, with SOC, TN, and TP concentrations exhibiting a steady increase with the length of installation, averaging 17.50%, 14.29%, and 16.67% higher, respectively, than those in mobile sand dunes. The system had an obvious regulation effect on salt ions, and the contents of Cl^-, SO^2-₄, Ca²⁺, K⁺, and Na⁺ increased with fluctuations as a whole, which were 8.16%, 17.28%, 23.65%, and 12.07% higher than those of the mobile sand dunes, respectively. However, the variation range of relative abundance gradually weakened with the increase of years, and it approached the level of the mobile sand dunes at 60 a. Concurrently, the system effectively reduced the soil total alkalinity, with an average decrease of approximately 0.03 cmol·kg^-1 across all barrier sites compared to the control, indicating alleviation of soil alkalinity. Correlation analyses identified Cl^-, SO^2-₄, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, pH, and total alkalinity as key indicators of soil salinization in the 0-100 cm profile, whereas TN and TP exhibited weak associations with salinity and alkalinity parameters, suggesting their accumulation processes are largely independent.

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