李虹,马建军,王金保,马俊花,岳翔,马成,梁翔宇,马瑞,王翻龙,侯贤清.不同厚度地膜对旱地土壤理化性质、玉米生长及残膜回收的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(2):212~223
不同厚度地膜对旱地土壤理化性质、玉米生长及残膜回收的影响
Effects of different plastic film thicknesses on soil physicochemical properties, maize growth, and residual film recovery in dryland
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.02.20
中文关键词:  地膜厚度  玉米  土壤理化性质  产量  经济效益  残膜回收
英文关键词:plastic film thickness  maize  soil physicochemical properties  yield  economic benefit  residual film recovery
基金项目:2022—2024年宁夏回族自治区农业面源污染治理项目（2130135）；宁夏自然科学基金（2025AAC030238）；国家自然科学基金（32160515）
作者单位
李虹 宁夏农业环境保护监测站,宁夏 银川 750002 
马建军 宁夏农业环境保护监测站,宁夏 银川 750002 
王金保 宁夏农业环境保护监测站,宁夏 银川 750002 
马俊花 宁夏农业环境保护监测站,宁夏 银川 750002 
岳翔 宁夏农业环境保护监测站,宁夏 银川 750002 
马成 宁夏农业环境保护监测站,宁夏 银川 750002 
梁翔宇 宁夏农业环境保护监测站,宁夏 银川 750002 
马瑞 宁夏大学农学院,宁夏 银川 750021 
王翻龙 宁夏大学农学院,宁夏 银川 750021 
侯贤清 宁夏大学农学院,宁夏 银川 750021 
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中文摘要:
      针对宁南旱作玉米田残膜污染严重、回收效率低等问题，于2022—2023年开展田间试验，设置0.010 mm（CK）,0.010 mm加强膜（T1），0.012 mm（T2），0.014 mm（T3），0.016 mm（T4），0.018 mm（T5）和0.020 mm（T6）共7种不同地膜厚度处理，研究其对旱地土壤理化性质，玉米生长、产量及经济效益，以及残膜回收的影响。结果表明：玉米生育期内，T4、T5和T6处理平均土壤贮水量较CK分别显著增加18.1%、16.2%和14.3%；与CK相比，T2、T3、T4、T5、T6处理玉米生长前、中期土壤温度显著增加2.2~3.5℃，而T5、T6处理玉米生长后期土壤显著降温1.3~2.4℃。T3处理的土壤有机质和全氮含量显著提高（增幅9.0%~28.2%），而T4、T5处理对土壤速效养分含量提升效果最佳（增幅10.3%~38.4%）。地膜回收率随地膜厚度的增加而升高，而残留系数逐渐降低，T4、T5、T6处理效果最为显著，其地膜回收率较CK提高14.8%~25.2%，残留系数较CK降低8.8%~17.5%。随地膜厚度增加，玉米产量和收益均呈先增加后降低的趋势，2022年为T4处理表现最优，2023年为T3处理表现最优，产量分别较CK显著提高22.0%和19.1%，收益分别显著提高37.4%和33.9%。相关性分析表明，土壤温度、水分、速效钾、全氮含量是影响玉米产量提高的关键因子。综上，适当增加地膜厚度可改善旱区土壤水、温、肥环境，促进玉米生长，实现增产增收，同时还能提高地膜回收率，降低地膜残留系数，其中以0.014~0.016 mm厚度的地膜覆盖效果最佳。
英文摘要:
      To address the severe residual plastic film pollution and low recovery efficiency in dryland maize fields of southern Ningxia, a two\|year field experiment during 2022 to 2023 was conducted with seven different film thickness treatments: 0.010 mm (CK, control), 0.010 mm reinforced film (T1), 0.012 mm (T2), 0.014 mm (T3), 0.016 mm (T4), 0.018 mm (T5), and 0.020 mm (T6). The study systematically investigated the effects of film thickness on soil physicochemical properties, maize growth, yield and economic benefits, as well as residual film recovery characteristics in the dryland farming region. The results showed that compared to CK, the treatments T4, T5, and T6 significantly increased the average soil water storage during the maize growth period by 18.1%, 16.2%, and 14.3%, respectively. During the early and middle growth stages of maize, soil temperature under treatments T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6 was significantly higher than that of CK, with an average increase ranging from 2.2℃ to 3.5℃. However, treatments T5 and T6 showed significant cooling effects of 1.3℃ to 2.4℃ compared to CK. Treatment T3 significantly improved soil organic matter and total nitrogen content (increases of 9.0% to 28.2%), while treatments T4 and T5 demonstrated the most effective enhancement in soil available nutrient content (increases of 10.3% to 38.4%). The film recovery rate increased with increasing film thickness, while the residual coefficient gradually decreased. The effects were most significant in the T4, T5, and T6 treatments, with the film recovery rate increasing by 14.8% to 25.2% and the residual coefficient decreasing by 8.8% to 17.5% compared to CK. As film thickness increased, both maize yield and economic benifit initially increased and then decreased. In 2022, treatment T4 achieved the highest values, while in 2023, treatment T3 performed the best. Compared to CK, yields were significantly increased by 22.0% and 19.1% in 2022 and 2023, respectively, and economic benifit were significantly improved by 37.4% and 33.9% in the corresponding years. Correlation analysis indicated that soil temperature, moisture, available potassium, and total nitrogen were key factors influencing maize yield improvement. In summary, appropriately increasing the thickness of plastic film can improve soil hydrothermal conditions and nutrient availability in arid areas, promote maize growth, and enhance yield and economic returns, while also increasing film recovery rates and reducing the residual coefficient. Among the tested treatments, plastic film mulching with a thickness of 0.014 to 0.016 mm demonstrated the best overall performance.
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