| 赵少婷,曹莹菲,李森,李铜,张晨阳,赵斯琪,布凤,代允超.不同钝化剂对土壤和猕猴桃的降镉效果研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(2):224~230 |
| 不同钝化剂对土壤和猕猴桃的降镉效果研究 |
| Effects of different passivating agents on cadmium reduction in soil and kiwi fruit |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.02.21 |
| 中文关键词: 猕猴桃 钝化剂 土壤 降镉效果 植株镉分布 |
| 英文关键词:kiwi fruit passivating agent soil cadmium reduction effect distribution of cadmium in plants |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划项目（2024NC-ZDCYL-02-14）；陕西省农业关键核心技术攻关项目（2024NYGG011）；西安市农业环境保护服务体系项目（2024-0235） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究钝化剂对土壤及猕猴桃镉含量的影响，以‘徐香’猕猴桃为试验品种，采用田间完全随机区组设计，研究在土壤中施加4种不同钝化剂：石灰25 kg·hm-2（C），有机肥450 kg·hm-2（O），生物炭120 kg·hm-2（B）和钙镁磷肥40 kg·hm-2（P）对土壤和猕猴桃各部位镉（Cd）含量的影响。结果表明：相比CK（不施加钝化剂），各钝化剂处理中土壤pH值提高了0.21~1.83，阳离子交换量增加幅度为3.44%～26.47%，施入有机肥（O处理）和生物炭（B处理）的土壤有机质分别增加了39.18%和25.79%。在土壤Cd含量方面，不同钝化剂对土壤总Cd和有效Cd的降幅分别为1.00%~3.90%和24.40%~44.50%，促进了可交换性态Cd向碳酸盐结合态、氧化物结合态或有机质结合态Cd的转化。猕猴桃植株不同部位Cd含量分布趋势为根>枝>叶>果实。施用钝化剂显著降低了猕猴桃果实、根、枝和叶中的Cd含量，降幅达到47.83%~87.44%，B处理效果最佳。相较于CK，B处理中猕猴桃各部位Cd的富集系数最低，根系降低了66.09%，枝降低了73.19%，叶降低了87.30%，果实降低了84.47%。除C处理外，其他处理猕猴桃植株不同部位Cd的转运系数均有所下降，B处理猕猴桃植株不同部位Cd的转运系数下降最为显著，根系至枝降低了20.86%，枝至叶降低了52.46%，枝至果实降低了41.45%。综上，施用这4种钝化剂对降低土壤镉含量、改变土壤镉形态、减少猕猴桃Cd含量以及抑制镉在猕猴桃中的富集和转运均有明显效果，施用生物炭120 kg·hm-2效果最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to study the effects of passivating agents on the cadmium content of soil and kiwifruit, a completely random block design was adopted in the field with kiwifruit ‘Xuxiang’ as the experimental variety. The effects of 25 kg·hm-2 lime (C), 450 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer (O), 120 kg·hm-2 biochar (B), and 40 kg·hm-2 calcium\|magnesium phosphate fertilizer (P) on cadmium (Cd) content in soil and kiwifruit were investigated. The results showed that compared with the control, the soil pH increased by 0.21 to 1.83, and the increase in cation exchange capacity was 3.44% to 26.47%. The application of organic fertilizer (O treatment) and biochar (B treatment) increased soil organic matter by 39.18% and 25.79%, respectively. After application of passivating agent, the reductions of total Cd and available Cd in the soil by different passivators were 1.00% to 3.90% and 24.40% to 44.50%, respectively. The passivating agents facilitated the conversion of exchangeable Cd (EXC-Cd) to carbonate\|bound (CAR-Cd), oxide\|bound (OX-Cd), or organic matter\|bound Cd (OM-Cd). The distribution trend of Cd content in different parts of kiwifruit was root > branch > leaf > fruit. Different treatments significantly decreased the Cd content in kiwifruit fruit, roots, branches, and leaves by 47.83% to 87.44%, and the B treatment had the best effect compared with the CK treatment. The Cd enrichment coefficients of kiwifruit in all treatments were significantly decreased, and B treatment had the lowest Cd enrichment coefficient. The root decreased by 66.09%, the branches decreased by 73.19%, the leaves decreased by 87.30%, and the fruits decreased by 84.47%. In addition to C treatment, the transport coefficients of Cd in different parts of kiwifruit were decreased. The transport coefficients of Cd in different parts of kiwifruit plants in the B treatment decreased most significantly from root to branches by 20.86%, from branches to leaves by 52.46%, and from branches to fruits by 41.45%. In conclusion, the application of these four passivating agents has significant effects on reducing soil Cd content, changing soil Cd forms, reducing kiwifruit Cd content, and inhibiting Cd accumulation and transport in kiwifruit. The best effect is achieved by applying of 120 kg·hm-2 biochar. |
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