| 耿卫东,王金鑫,李美宁,张冬梅.生物炭与有机肥配施对盐碱地玉米产量及土壤养分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(2):231~237 |
| 生物炭与有机肥配施对盐碱地玉米产量及土壤养分的影响 |
| Effects of combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer on maize yield and soil nutrients in saline\|alkali soils |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.02.22 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 生物炭 有机肥 盐碱地 土壤养分 产量 |
| 英文关键词:maize biochar organic fertilizer saline\|alkali soil soil nutrients yield |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项“伊犁河谷中低产田改良与提质增效关键技术研发”（2022B02015-1） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究生物炭和有机肥配施对盐碱地玉米产量及土壤养分、理化性质的影响，采取单因素试验设计，共设置CK（传统施肥，N 226 kg·hm-2，P2O5 138 kg·hm-2，K2O 18.75 kg·hm-2）、T1（传统施肥+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2）、T2（传统施肥+生物炭2.5 t·hm-2+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2）、T3（传统施肥+生物炭5 t·hm-2+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2）、T4（传统施肥+生物炭7.5 t·hm-2+有机肥3.75 t·hm-2）5个处理。结果表明：（1）生物炭和有机肥配施增产效果显著，各处理增产8.77%~16.41%，其中，T4处理增幅最高（16.41%），T2处理经济效益最高，与CK相比纯利润增加711.94元·hm-2。（2）在降低土壤盐分和调节土壤pH值方面，配施生物炭比单独施用有机肥效果好，T3处理土壤脱盐率可达23.85%，pH值最低（7.64）。（3）在提升速效养分、增加有机质和全氮含量方面，T4处理效果最好，土壤水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质和全氮含量均为最高，分别较CK增加38.41%、122.03%、47.96%、42.84%和17.86%。综上所述，2.5 t·hm-2生物炭和3.75 t·hm-2有机肥配施，对提升产量有益且经济效益最高，5 t·hm-2生物炭和3.75 t·hm-2有机肥配施可降低土壤盐分与pH值，在提升速效养分、增加有机质和全氮含量时，可选择传统施肥与7.5 t·hm-2生物炭和3.75 t·hm-2有机肥配施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to investigate the effects of combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer on maize yield and soil nutrients in saline alkali land, a single\|factor experimental design was adopted, with a total of five treatments: CK (traditional fertilization, N 226 kg·hm-2, P2O5 138 kg·hm-2, K2O 18.75 kg·hm-2), T1 (traditional fertilization + organic fertilizer 3.75 t·hm-2), T2 (traditional fertilization + biochar 2.5 t·hm-2+ organic fertilizer 3.75 t·hm-2), T3 (traditional fertilization + biochar 5.0 t·hm-2+ organic fertilizer 3.75 t·hm-2), T4 (traditional fertilization + biochar 7.5 t·hm-2+ organic fertilizer 3.75 t·hm-2). The results showed that: (1) The combination of biochar and organic fertilizer had a significant yield\|increasing effect, with yield\|increasing rates ranging from 8.77% to 16.41% for each treatment, with T4 treatment showing the most significant yield\|increasing effect (16.41%). T2 processing has the highest economic benefits, with a net profit increase of 711.94 CNY·hm-2 compared to CK. (2) In terms of reducing soil salinity and adjusting soil pH value, the application of biochar was more effective than the application of organic fertilizer alone. The soil desalination rate of the T3 treatment could reach 23.85%, and the pH was the lowest (7.64). (3) In terms of improving available nutrients, increasing organic matter and total nitrogen content, T4 treatment had the best effect, with hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, and total nitrogen content reaching their maximum values, increasing by 38.41%, 122.03%, 47.96%, 42.84%, and 17.86%, respectively, compared to CK. In summary, the combination of 2.5 t·hm-2 biochar and 3.75 t·hm-2 organic fertilizer is most beneficial for improving yield and economic benefits. The combination of 5 t·hm-2 biochar and 3.75 t·hm-2 organic fertilizer can be used to reduce soil salinity and adjust pH value. The combined application of conventional fertilization with 7.5 t·hm-2 biochar and 3.75 t·hm-2 organic fertilizer is recommended for enhancing available nutrients and increasing organic matter and total nitrogen content. |
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