贾袭伟,久西加,刘鹏,洪洲,赵燕,郭超,曾翠云,杜弢.半夏种茎生长温限与珠芽形成关键发育转换的生理基础[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(3):58~64
半夏种茎生长温限与珠芽形成关键发育转换的生理基础
Temperature threshold for pinellia tuber growth and the physiological basis for key developmental transitions in bulbils formation
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.03.06
中文关键词:  半夏  种茎生长  温度  珠芽形成  糖代谢  氮代谢  内源激素
英文关键词:pinellia ternata  tuber growth  temperature  bulbil formation  sugar metabolism  nitrogen metabolism  endogenous hormones
基金项目:宁夏自然科学基金（2024AAC03354，2024AAC03351）；国家中药材产业技术体系建设专项资金（CARS-21）；甘肃省科技计划项目（21YF5NA130，22CX8NA069）
作者单位
贾袭伟 宁夏职业技术大学生命科技学院,宁夏 银川 750021；宁夏中兽药防控牛羊常见病工程技术研究中心,宁夏 银川 750021 
久西加 甘肃中医药大学药学院,甘肃 兰州 730000 
刘鹏 宁夏职业技术大学生命科技学院,宁夏 银川 750021；宁夏中兽药防控牛羊常见病工程技术研究中心,宁夏 银川 750021 
洪洲 宁夏职业技术大学生命科技学院,宁夏 银川 750021；宁夏中兽药防控牛羊常见病工程技术研究中心,宁夏 银川 750021 
赵燕 宁夏职业技术大学生命科技学院,宁夏 银川 750021；宁夏中兽药防控牛羊常见病工程技术研究中心,宁夏 银川 750021 
郭超 宁夏职业技术大学生命科技学院,宁夏 银川 750021；宁夏中兽药防控牛羊常见病工程技术研究中心,宁夏 银川 750021 
曾翠云 甘肃中医药大学药学院,甘肃 兰州 730000 
杜弢 甘肃中医药大学药学院,甘肃 兰州 730000 
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中文摘要:
      为探究不同温度对半夏种茎生长和珠芽形成的影响以及适宜温度下半夏珠芽结构发生的生理基础，通过10、15、20、25、30℃的温控盆栽试验筛选最适宜温度，随后基于此温度盆栽培养半夏种茎，对珠芽未形成的叶柄（YB_1）和已形成点状珠芽结构的叶柄（YB_2）进行糖代谢、氮代谢及内源性激素含量等生理指标测定。结果表明：不同温度对半夏种茎生长和珠芽形成影响显著，其中25℃条件下珠芽形成率最先达到100%。试验结束时，10、15、20℃处理的叶柄长分别为11.05、32.37、105.05 mm，显著低于25℃（125.27 mm）和30℃（171.37 mm）处理；25℃处理珠芽直径达3.43 mm，而其他温度处理均仅有一个点状可见的珠芽结构且无法统计其直径。25℃条件下，YB_2葡萄糖、蔗糖、总氨基酸含量较YB_1分别增加91.25%、22.61%、17.88%，生长素、脱落酸、乙烯、油菜素内酯含量较YB_1分别增加22.66%、9.94%、16.31%、24.88%，赤霉素含量降低10.23%。综上，25℃是半夏种茎生长及珠芽形成的最适宜温度，糖代谢及内源激素的协同变化可能是珠芽结构发生的重要调控因素。
英文摘要:
      To explore the effects of different temperatures on the growth of Pinellia tubers and the formation of bulbils, as well as the physiological basis for bulbils’ structural development under optimal temperatures, temperature\|controlled pot experiments were conducted at 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, and 30℃ to identify the most suitable temperature. Subsequently, Pinellia tubers were cultivated in pots at this selected temperature. Physiological indicators including sugar metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and endogenous hormone content were measured in petioles without bulbils (YB_1) and those with punctate bulbils (YB_2). The results showed that different temperatures significantly affect the growth of Pinellia tubers and the formation of bulbils. Among these conditions, bulbils reached a 100% formation rate earliest at 25℃. At the end of the experiment, petiole lengths under 10℃, 15℃, and 20℃ treatments were 11.05 mm, 32.37 mm, and 105.05 mm, respectively, significantly lower than those at 25℃ (125.27 mm) and 30℃ (171.37 mm). At 25℃, bulbils reached a diameter of 3.43 mm, whereas at other temperatures, only a single punctiform bulbil structure was visible, and its diameter could not be measured. Compared to YB_1, YB_2 at 25℃ showed increases in glucose, sucrose, and total amino acid content by 91.25%, 22.61%, and 17.88%, respectively; auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene, and brassinosteroid contents increased by 22.66%, 9.94%, 16.31%, and 24.88%, respectively, while gibberellin content decreased by 10.23%. Based on the comprehensive experimental results, 25℃ is considered the optimal temperature for Pinellia tuber growth and bulbils formation. The synergistic changes in sugar metabolism and endogenous hormones may serve as key regulatory factors in bulbils’ structure development.
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