| 赵宗锐,付兆丰,王锋,范海波,李援农,谷晓博,蔡焕杰.降解地膜覆盖方式对花生产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(3):76~87 |
| 降解地膜覆盖方式对花生产量和水分利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of degradable film mulching patterns on yield and water use efficiency of rainfed peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) |
| |
| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.03.08 |
| 中文关键词: 花生 生物降解膜 覆盖方式 土壤水热状况 水分利用效率 产量 |
| 英文关键词:peanut biodegradable film film mulching pattern soil hydrothermal condition water use efficiency yield |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFF1300805）；河南省自然科学基金项目（232300421251）；中原学者工作站资助项目(244400510011)；黄河水利科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(HKY-JBYW-2024-04)；陕西省水资源与环境重点实验室项目（SXSWREKLORP-2023-01） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 341 |
| 全文下载次数: 27 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究生物降解薄膜对传统聚乙烯塑料地膜的替代效果，明确其在花生栽培中的适用性及节水增产的最佳覆盖模式，以‘鲁花12号’为供试花生品种，开展为期2 a的田间试验，设平作不覆膜（FNM）、平作生物降解地膜全覆盖（FBM）、垄沟种植生物降解膜全覆盖（RBM）和双垄沟种植生物降解膜全覆盖（ARBM）4种处理，系统分析不同降解地膜覆盖方式对膜体降解性能、土壤温湿度、花生生理生长特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，3种覆盖方式下生物地膜均自播种后40 d开始降解，随生育进程推进，垄沟种植模式下地膜降解速率较平作模式提前约10 d。与 FNM 相比，生物降解地膜覆盖可显著改善土壤水热环境，提高叶面积指数和地上部生物量，增加叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率，最终提高花生产量和水分利用效率。在3种生物降解地膜覆盖处理中，2020—2021年两个生长季ARBM处理花生产量和水分利用效率表现最优，较FBM平均显著提高17.2%和 24.2%，较RBM平均显著提高8.7%和13.6%；其生育期耗水量分别较FBM 和 RBM 处理降低4.8%~6.9%和3.9%~4.4%，经济收益分别增加3 166~6 676 CNY·hm-2和2 217~3 171 CNY·hm-2。此外，花生收获时3种覆盖方式的生物地膜均可降解为面积小于4 cm × 4 cm的碎片。综上，双垄沟种植生物降解膜全覆盖（ARBM）模式可实现旱作雨养花生的节水、增产、提效，同时可减少残膜污染，是该类区域花生种植的高效栽培管理措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the substitution effect of biodegradable film on traditional polyethylene plastic film, clarify its applicability in peanut cultivation, and determine the optimal mulching pattern for water saving and yield increasing, a two\|year field experiment was conducted with the peanut variety ‘Luhua 12’. Four treatments were set up, including flat planting without biodegradable film mulching (FNM), flat planting with biodegradable film full mulching (FBM), ridge\|furrow planting with biodegradable film full mulching (RBM), and double ridge planting with biodegradable film full mulching (ARBM). The effect of different mulching on film degradation performance, soil temperature and humidity, physiological growth characteristics, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of peanuts was systematically analyzed. The results showed that the biodegradable plastic mulch under three mulching methods all began to degrade 40 days after sowing. With advancement of the growing process, the degradation rate of the film under the ridge\|furrow planting mode was approximately 10 days earlier than that under the flat planting mode. Compared with FNM, biodegradable film mulching can significantly improve the soil hydrothermal environment, increase leaf area index and shoot biomass, increase leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate, and finally enhance production and WUE of peanut. Among the three biodegradable film mulching patterns, the average yield and WUE of ARFB were the best in the two growing seasons, which were significantly increased by 17.2% and 24.2% compared with FBM, and significantly increased by 8.7% and 13.6% compared with RBM. Compared with FBM and RBM, the water consumption during the grow period decreased by 4.8%-6.9% and 3.9%-4.4%, respectively, and the economic benefits increased by 3 166-6 676 CNY·hm-2 and 2 217-3 171 CNY·hm-2, respectively. In addition, the biodegradable plastic mulch under all three mulching methods could be degraded into fragments with an area of less than 4 cm×4 cm. In conclusion, double\|ridge planting with biodegradable film full mulching (ARBM) can achieve water saving, yield increase, and efficiency improvement, and reduce residual film pollution of rainfed peanuts in dry farming, which is an efficient cultivation and management measure for peanut planting in this area. |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| | |