| 韩军桥,谷琼琼,傅渝亮,陈新国.饼肥配施γ-聚谷氨酸对玉米产量及土壤水氮分布的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(3):110~126 |
| 饼肥配施γ-聚谷氨酸对玉米产量及土壤水氮分布的影响 |
| Effects of applying cake fertiliser combined with γ-polyglutamic acid on maize yield and the distribution of soil water and nitrogen |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.03.11 |
| 中文关键词: 饼肥 γ-聚谷氨酸 土壤水氮分布 水氮利用效率 玉米产量 |
| 英文关键词:cake fertilizer γ-PGA soil water\|nitrogen distribution water and nitrogen use efficiency maize yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（52309066）；河南省高等学校重点科研计划项目（25A570004） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨饼肥配施γ-聚谷氨酸（γ-PGA）对作物产量和土壤水氮的调控效应进而寻求合适的配施量，以玉米为供试作物，设置3个饼肥用量（B1-900 kg·hm-2-低量、B2-1 100 kg·hm-2-中量、B3-1 300 kg·hm-2-高量）和3个γ-PGA用量（R1-200 kg·hm-2、R2-400 kg·hm-2、R3-600 kg·hm-2），研究不同配施处理对玉米产量、土壤水氮分布及利用的影响。2024—2025年田间小区试验结果表明：（1）饼肥配施γ-PGA对土壤水氮调控表现出显著的协同或抑制作用（P＜0.05），在低饼肥用量下，适量施用γ-PGA呈现协同促进作用，而高饼肥用量则表现为拮抗抑制，在0~20 cm土层中尤其明显。在B1处理下，2024年B1R2处理苗期土壤含水率较B1R1显著提高31.58%，2025年B1R3处理苗期和拔节期土壤含水率较B1R1分别提高10.17%和8.75%；2024年B1R3处理土壤全氮含量较B1R1处理在苗期和灌浆期分别增加15.49%和47.34%，2025年B1R3处理苗期土壤全氮含量较B1R1处理增加8.90%。在B3处理下，特别是2024年B3R3处理拔节期土壤含水率和全氮含量较B3R1处理分别减少46.42%和70.15%。（2）在B1处理下，2024—2025年土壤水氮利用效率和玉米产量随着γ-PGA的增加而提高，2024年B1R3处理土壤水分利用效率、氮素利用效率、玉米产量较B1R1处理分别增加10.00%、8.44%、8.43%，2025年B1R3处理土壤水分利用效率、氮素利用效率、玉米产量较B1R1处理分别增加4.66%、6.91%、6.82%，具有显著的协同作用；而在B2和B3处理下土壤水氮利用效率和玉米产量随着γ-PGA的增加而减少，2024年B3R3处理土壤水分利用效率、氮素利用效率、玉米产量较B3R1处理分别减少19.67%、21.34%、21.35%，2025年B3R3处理土壤水分利用效率、氮素利用效率、玉米产量较B3R1处理分别减少5.57%、8.27%、8.21%，具有显著的拮抗作用。（3）基于玉米产量、水氮利用效率、经济效益的熵权-优劣解距离法得出在B2R1处理下综合评分最高。综上所述，饼肥施用1 100 kg·hm-2并配施200 kg·hm-2 γ-PGA是优化土壤养分分布、提高水氮利用效率和产量的最佳施肥策略。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of combined application of cake fertilizer and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) on crop yield and soil water\|nitrogen regulation, and to determine an appropriate application rate, a field plot experiment was conducted in 2024 and 2025 using maize as the test crop. A split-plot design was employed, with three cake fertilizer application rates, namely B1 (900 kg·hm-2, low), B2 (1 100 kg·hm-2, medium), and B3 (1 300 kg·hm-2, high), and three γ-PGA application rates, namely R1 (200 kg·hm-2), R2 (400 kg·hm-2), and R3 (600 kg·hm-2), resulting in a total of nine treatments. The effects of different combined application treatments on maize yield, as well as the distribution and utilization of soil water and nitrogen, were evaluated. The results showed that (1) the combined application of cake fertilizer and γ-PGA had significant synergistic or inhibitory effects on soil water and nitrogen regulation (P<0.05). Under the low cake fertilizer rate, an appropriate γ-PGA application exerted a synergistic promoting effect, whereas under the high cake fertilizer rate, it showed an antagonistic inhibitory effect, especially in the 0\|20 cm soil layer. Under the B1 treatment, soil moisture content at the seedling stage in 2024 was significantly increased by 31.58% in B1R2 compared with B1R1. In 2025, soil moisture content at the seedling and jointing stages in B1R3 increased by 10.17% and 8.75%, respectively, compared with B1R1. In 2024, soil total nitrogen content in B1R3 was 15.49% and 47.34% higher than that in B1R1 at the seedling and filling stages, respectively, while in 2025, soil total nitrogen content at the seedling stage increased by 8.90%. In contrast, under the B3 treatment, especially in 2024, soil moisture content and total nitrogen content at the jointing stage in B3R3 were reduced by 46.42% and 70.15%, respectively, compared with B3R1. (2) Under the B1 treatment, soil water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, and maize yield increased with increasing γ-PGA application during 2024-2025. In 2024, compared with B1R1, soil water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, and maize yield in B1R3 increased by 10.00%, 8.44%, and 8.43%, respectively; in 2025, the corresponding increases were 4.66%, 6.91%, and 6.82%, respectively, indicating a significant synergistic effect. However, under the B2 and B3 treatments, soil water and nitrogen use efficiency as well as maize yield decreased with increasing γ-PGA application. In 2024, compared with B3R1, soil water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, and maize yield in B3R3 decreased by 19.67%, 21.34%, and 21.35%, respectively; in 2025, the corresponding decreases were 5.57%, 8.27%, and 8.21%, respectively, indicating a significant antagonistic effect. (3) Based on the entropy weight-TOPSIS method integrating maize yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency, and economic benefit, the B2R1 treatment achieved the highest comprehensive score. Overall, the combined application of 1 100 kg·hm-2 cake fertilizer and 200 kg·hm-2 γ-PGA was identified as the optimal fertilization strategy for improving soil nutrient distribution and enhancing water and nitrogen use efficiency as well as maize yield. |
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