等量施氮下硫酸钾减量配施腐植酸钾和硫酸镁对土壤理化特性和芸豆产量的影响

孔德庸; 邢力文; 于洋; 池昇隆; 颜培启; 孔令捷; 郭伟; 孙海燕

孔德庸,邢力文,于洋,池昇隆,颜培启,孔令捷,郭伟,孙海燕.等量施氮下硫酸钾减量配施腐植酸钾和硫酸镁对土壤理化特性和芸豆产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(3):139~148

等量施氮下硫酸钾减量配施腐植酸钾和硫酸镁对土壤理化特性和芸豆产量的影响

Effects of reduced potassium sulfate with potassium humate and magnesium sulfate under the same nitrogen application conditions on soil physicochemical properties and kidney bean yield

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.03.13

中文关键词: 芸豆腐植酸钾 MgSO₄ K₂SO₄减量等量施氮土壤理化性质

英文关键词:kidney bean potassium humate magnesium sulfate reduced potassium sulfate equal nitrogen application soil physical and chemical properties

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1001402)；黑龙江八一农垦大学“三纵”基础培育项目（ZRCPY202101）

作者	单位
孔德庸	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
邢力文	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
于洋	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
池昇隆	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
颜培启	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
孔令捷	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
郭伟	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163319；黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江大庆 163319
孙海燕	黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163319；农业农村部东北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室,黑龙江大庆 163319

摘要点击次数: 269

全文下载次数: 24

中文摘要:

以芸豆品种‘白沙克’作为试验材料，在相同施氮条件下设置5个处理（CF：全量施用K₂SO₄；DFMg1：减少15% K₂SO₄用量，用等质量的MgSO₄代替；DFMg2：减少25% K₂SO₄用量，用等质量的MgSO₄代替；DFH1：减少15% K₂SO₄用量，用等钾量的腐植酸钾代替；DFH2：减少25% K₂SO₄用量，用等钾量的腐植酸钾代替），分析腐植酸钾和MgSO₄替代K₂SO₄对土壤容重、土壤团聚体以及土壤酶活性的影响。2021—2022年田间试验结果表明：K₂SO₄减量配施腐植酸钾和MgSO₄能够降低芸豆收获期土壤容重，2021年和2022年试验中DFH1处理的土壤容重较对照分别降低了4.6%（0.07 g·cm^-3）和7.1%（0.10 g·cm^-3）；同时，K₂SO₄减量配施腐植酸钾和MgSO₄改变了土壤团聚体平均重量直径，DFH1处理两年的团聚体平均重量直径分别显著增加了22.3%和13.4%。与其他处理相比，DFMg1处理的土壤团聚体百分含量提升最大，各粒级显著提高50.5%~158.6%和49.0%~139.4%。K₂SO₄减量配施腐植酸钾和MgSO₄显著提高了芸豆生长期土壤酶活性，其中，施用腐植酸钾的效果较好，两年试验中磷酸酶活性较CF处理显著增加，增幅分别为14.7%~24.7%和14.7%~19.3%，蔗糖酶增幅分别为14.0%~33.6%和16.4%~25.8%，脲酶增幅分别为10.0%~25.9%和6.5%~12.8%，蛋白酶增幅分别为19.8%~31.3%和9.6%~28.5%。MgSO₄对土壤蛋白酶活性提升效果较好，两年中分别显著增加13.8%~35.9%和12.4%~27.0%。腐植酸钾的施用使2021年和2022年试验中芸豆单株荚数较CF处理显著增加，增幅分别为12.2%和16.4%，单株粒数增幅分别为15.3%和11.8%，百粒重增幅分别为4.4%和9.2%，进而使单株产量较CF处理显著增加10.6%和11.5%。综上，田间种植减少K₂SO₄的同时适量施用腐植酸钾和MgSO₄能够改善土壤理化特性，进而提高芸豆产量。在各处理中，K₂SO₄用量减少15%配施等钾量腐植酸钾（DFH1）处理的效果较好。

英文摘要:

A field trial was conducted using the kidney bean variety ‘Baishak’ as the test material. The trial was set up under the same nitrogen application conditions with five treatments, respectively: (CF: Full application of K₂SO₄; DFMg1: 15% reduction of K₂SO₄ dosage and replacement with equal mass of MgSO₄; DFMg2: reduce the K₂SO₄ dosage by 25% and replace it with an equal mass of MgSO₄; DFH1: reduce the K₂SO₄ dosage by 15% and replace it with an equal amount of potassium humate; DFH2: reduce the K₂SO₄ dosage by 25% and replace it with an equal amount of potassium humate). The effects of replacing K₂SO₄ with potassium humate and MgSO₄ on soil bulk density, changes in soil aggregates, and soil enzyme activities, and the relationship between soil changes and plant yield components were analyzed. The results of the field trial from 2021 to 2022 showed that reducing potassium sulfate with potassium humate and magnesium sulfate decreased soil bulk weight at harvest in kidney beans. The soil bulk weight of the DFH1 treatment in 2021 and 2022 was 4.6% (0.07 g·cm^-3) and 7.1% (0.10 g·cm^-3) lower than that of the control, respectively. Meanwhile, reducing potassium sulfate with potassium humate and magnesium sulfate altered the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, which increased significantly by 22.3% and 13.4% in the DFH1 treatment over two years, respectively. Compared with other treatments, the percentage of soil aggregate in the DFMg1 treatment increased the most, and each particle size increased significantly by 50.5%-158.6% and 49.0%-139.4%. Reducing potassium sulfate with potassium humate and magnesium sulfate significantly increased the soil enzyme activities during the growth period of kidney beans. Among them, the effect of potassium humate application was better. In the two\|year trial, the phosphatase activity was significantly increased compared with the CF treatment, with an increase of 14.7%-24.7% and 14.7%-19.3%, respectively. The increase of sucrase was 14.0%-33.6% and 16.4%-25.8%, the increase of urease was 10.0%-25.9% and 6.5%-12.8%, and the increase of protease was 19.8%-31.3% and 9.6%-28.5%. Magnesium sulfate had a better effect on soil protease activity, which increased by 13.8%-35.9% and 12.4%-27.0%, respectively, in two years. The application of potassium humate significantly increased the number of pods per plant of kidney beans in 2021 and 2022 compared to CF treatment, with an increase of 12.2% and 16.4%, respectively. The number of grains per plant increased by 15.3% and 11.8%, respectively, and the 100-grain weight increased by 4.4% and 9.2%, respectively, which significantly increased the yield per plant by 10.6% and 11.5% compared to the CF treatment. In conclusion, reducing potassium sulfate application while appropriately applying potassium humate and magnesium sulfate in field cultivation can improve soil physical and chemical properties, thereby increasing the yield of kidney beans. Among all treatments, the treatment with a 15% reduction in potassium sulfate rate combined with potassium humate at an equivalent potassium rate (DFH1) exhibited the best effect.

查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器