| 李佳乐,赵伟霞.高标准农田喷灌冬小麦产量提升方法研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2026,(3):170~178 |
| 高标准农田喷灌冬小麦产量提升方法研究 |
| Research on the method to increase winter wheat yield under sprinkler irrigation in high\|standard farmland |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2026.03.16 |
| 中文关键词: 喷灌 高产田 水肥一体化 氮磷钾配比 灌水量 |
| 英文关键词:sprinkler irrigation high\|yield field fertigation N∶P∶K ratio irrigation water amount |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD1900701）；国家自然科学基金（52379056）；流域水循环与调控国家重点实验室自由探索课题（SKL2024YJTS08） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探索喷灌粮食产量提升方法，于2024年开展不同氮磷钾配比和不同施肥水量条件下的高标准农田冬小麦喷灌水肥一体化试验，设置3个氮磷钾配比（1∶0.55∶0.17，1∶0.55∶0.30，1∶0.68∶0.30）和施肥水量（38.5、60.5、82.5 mm）处理，研究拔节期水肥管理差异对土壤中肥料运移和冬小麦生长的影响。结果表明：氮磷钾肥随水运移的能力表现为硝态氮>速效钾>有效磷，当灌水量为38.5~82.5 mm时，硝态氮、速效钾、有效磷的运移深度分别为30~100、40~80、30~40 cm。所有处理的SPAD值、株高、叶面积指数和植株吸氮量差异均未达到显著水平，但在磷肥配比量最高和施肥水量最大的处理获得了最高的干物质质量、亩穗数、耗水量和产量，较其他处理分别最大提高了23.0%、26.2%、10.7%和17.0%，WUE最大提高了5.1%。故推荐增加磷肥比例（0.68）和拔节期施肥水量（82.5 mm）作为高产田冬小麦产量提升的喷灌水肥一体化方法。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To study the method of improving crop yield in sprinkler irrigation, a field experiment was conducted at the high\|standard farmland during the growing season of winter wheat in 2024. The fertilizer movement in the soil and the crop growth were compared among treatments with three NPK ratios (1∶0.55∶0.17, 1∶0.55∶0.30, 1∶0.68∶0.30) and three fertigation water amounts (38.5 mm, 60.5 mm, 82.5 mm) at the jointing stage of winter wheat. The results showed that the water\|mediated transport capacity of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers follows the order: nitrate nitrogen > available potassium > available phosphorus. When the fertigation water amount ranged from 38.5 to 82.5 mm, the transport depths of nitrate nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorus were 30-100 cm, 40-80 cm, and 30-40 cm, respectively. There were no significant differences in SPAD value, plant height, leaf area index, and nitrogen uptake components among all treatments. However, compared to other treatments, the treatment with the highest P fertilizer ratio and the largest water amount achieved significantly higher dry matter above ground, spike per acre, water consumption, and yield, the maximum increases were 23.0%, 26.2%, 10.7%, and 17.0%, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum increase in WUE was 5.1%. Therefore, the method of increasing the phosphorus ratio (0.68) and the fertigation water amount (82.5 mm) at the jointing stage could be recommended as a sprinkler fertigation strategy for increasing yield in high\|yield winter wheat fields. |
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